Utah Flora BOT2100 Lecture 5 Dicots I Including: Ranunculaceae Hydrophyllaceae Boraginaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Flowering plants with a ovary wall (carpels) Corollas and calyx generally distinguishable sometimes one whorl is absent Flower parts in 2, 4 or 5’s Leaves generally with net-veined (branched) 2 cotyledons (1 st leaves)

Utah Flora BOT2100 Major Families Ranunculaceae – buttercups, larkspur, columbine Papaveraceae – poppies Berberidaceae – Berberis (trees), Oregon-grape Ranunculales 7 families 199 genera 4,445 species

Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Worldwide 62 genera 2,225 species Utah (Native and Introduced) 13 genera ~75 species annual or perennial herbs leaves alternate, simple or compound flowers superior, hypanthium sometimes present, perfect, regular or irregular petals 3 to many or absent sepals sometimes petaloid

Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Aquilegia Worldwide 80 species Utah (Native) ~16 species perennial herbs from taproots leaves alternate, ternately lobed to triternately compound (in 3’s) flowers regular, showy sepals 5, petaloid, not spurred petals 5, spurred stamens numerous

Utah Flora BOT2100 Aquilegia coerulea widespread montane species in Utah sepals and spurs white or blue stamens surpassing petals by mm Ranunculales Ranunculaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Delphinium Worldwide 365 species Utah (Native) ~6 species annual or perennial herbs from taproots or tubers leaves alternate, palmately lobed flowers irregular, showy sepals 5, petaloid, spurred petals 4, in 2 pairs stamens numerous

Utah Flora BOT2100 Delphinium nuttallianum most common Delphinium in Utah stems fragile and narrowed at ground level (often hard to get roots) leaves mostly basal Ranunculales Ranunculaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus Worldwide 600 species Utah (Native and Introduced) 27 species annual or perennial herbs from taproots or fibrous roots leaves of many types, simple to compound flowers regular sepals 3-5, sometimes petaloid, usually deciduous petals 5-16 stamens 5 or numerous

Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculus adoneus restricted to alpine sites, often near snowbanks in Utah leaves highly palmately to sub-pinnately lobed, with many segments sepals deciduous upon flowering, petals larger, to 12 mm long Ranunculales Ranunculaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Major Families Boraginaceae – forget-me-not, Cryptantha Hydrophyllaceae – waterleaf, Phacelia Lamiaceae – mints, oregano, thyme, Salvia Scrophulariaceae – snapdragons, Digitalis, Penstemon Lamiales 25 families 1,300 genera 26,300 species

Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Hydrophyllaceae Worldwide 25 genera 960 species Utah (Native or Introduced) 9 genera ~50 species annual, biennial or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs leaves alternate, simple or compound inflorescence commonly scorpioid cymes flowers superior, perfect, regular calyx fused, 5 lobed; corolla fused, 5 lobed, stamens 5, sometimes exserted fruit a capsule, seeds 1 to many

Utah Flora BOT2100 Phacelia Worldwide 150 species Utah (Native) ~40 species annual, biennial or perennial herbs leaves alternate, lower sometimes opposite, entire to pinnatifid flowers regular calyx 5-lobed, divided almost to base corolla 5-lobed stamens 5, exserted or included seeds within capsules 4 or many Lamiales Hydrophyllaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Phacelia heterophylla sagebrush valley & montane species plants mostly biennial (sometimes flowering a 3 rd year) leaves basal and cauline, entire or with 1-4 pairs of pinnate lobes corolla whitish, stamens exserted Lamiales Boraginaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Boraginaceae Worldwide 112 genera 1,600 species Utah (Native or Introduced) 18 genera ~100 species annual, perennial herbs, rarely sub-shrubs leaves alternate or opposite, simple inflorescence commonly scorpioid cymes flowers superior, perfect, regular calyx fused, 5 lobed; corolla fused, 5 lobed stamens 5, sometimes 4 fruit nutlets, ovary breaking into 2-4, 1 seeded segments

Utah Flora BOT2100 Mertensia Worldwide 50 species Utah (Native) 7 species perennial herbs from fleshy, rhizome-like roots (tuber-like) leaves entire, alternate flowers regular calyx 5-lobed, fused or divided almost to base corolla 5-lobed stamens 5 nutlets 4 Lamiales Boraginaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Mertensia arizonica restricted to most sites, often in canyons plants tall and robust leaves large and glabrous calyx not cleft to base, and longer than 5 mm Lamiales Boraginaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Cryptantha Worldwide 150 species Utah (Native) 65 species annual or perennial herbs taproots leaves alternate or opposite, entire to deeply pinnately lobed flowers regular calyx 5-lobed, divided almost to base corolla 5-lobed, fused stamens 5 nutlets 1-4 Lamiales Boraginaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Cryptantha humilis common Great Basin desert species stems short and compact (caespitose) leaves small, spatulate, mostly basal calyx 3-5 mm long, corolla tube 3-5 mm long, and not exceeding calyx Lamiales Boraginaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100 Assignment Draw and label species provided in lab Make sure to label those morphological features that helped you identify the sample (the characters in the key) Identify & label all samples to family and genus For Practice: use A Utah Flora to identify & label all samples to species (other than any we determined in class together)