Introduction The preschool year are a time of new initiative and independence. Most children are In child care center or school for the part of day and learn a great deal from this social contact. Language skill are well developed and the child is able to understand and speak clearly.

Physical growth and development Preschoolers grow slowly and steadily, with most growth taking place in long bone of the arms and legs. The physical skill continue to develop. – The preschooler runs with ease. – Hold a bat. – Throw balls of various types. – Writing ability increases.

Physical growth and development The preschool period is a good time to encourage good dental habits. Parents should floss children teeth. Schedule dental visit.

Physical growth Fine motor – Gain 1.5 – 2.5 kg/ year. – Grow 4 – 6 cm/ year. – Uses scissors – Learn to tie shoes. – Brushes teeth. – Buttons clothes – Eats three meals with snacks.

Gross motor ability: – Throw a ball overhand. – Climbs well ride tricycle. Sensory ability – Visual acuity continues to improve – Can focus on and learn letters and numbers.

Psychosocial development The preschooler more independent in establishing relationship with others. Play: The preschooler has begun to play in a new way. They interact with others during play such as one child cut out color while the other child glues it on paper in a design. This new type of interaction is called associative play.

Play The preschooler enjoys large motet activities such as swinging, riding tricycle and throwing a ball. Increase the manual dexterity is demonstrated in greater complexity. Of drawing and manipulation of blocks and modeling. These changes necessitate planning of play time to include appropriate activities.

Material provided for play can be simple but should guide activities in which the child engages. The preschooler readily uses props to engage in dramatic play, that is the livening out of the drama of human life. Play

The nurse can use play time to assess the preschooler developmental level, knowledge about the health care. Emotions related to the health care experience. content of dramatic play and object chosen for play. Use play period to teach the child about health care procedures and offer information. Play

Personality and temperament Characteristics of personality observed in infancy tend to persist over time. The preschooler may need assistance as these characteristics are expressed in the new situation of preschool or nursery school. Example: an active child will need gentle, consistent handling to structure of the class room. Encourage the parent to visit the preschool program.

Communication The vocabulary grows to over 2000 words, and the children speak in complete sentences. They practice newfound language skills by talking : ask question. the sophisticated speech of preschoolers development occurring in their mind and help then to learn about the world around them.

Offering opportunities for exercise. Healthy eating habits. 13 Promote physical development by:

Promote cognitive development by: Encouraging safe exploration Children who explore learn to master new skills and solve problems. Encouraging a sense of security This sense of trust lays the foundation for learning, social skills, adaptability, and emotional development. 14

Providing peer contact. Children learn to share, cooperate, and negotiate. Promoting self-control. Children need guidance, clear limits. Helping your child build self-esteem Parents have the greatest influence on a child's belief about himself or herself. 15 Promote emotional and social development by:

Promote language development by: Reading to your child at every age Reading exposes your child to the sounds and rhythm of language. Providing opportunities to talk with others → helps a child to understand and use language. 16

Promote sensory and motor development by: Providing a wide variety of experiences and play environments. Stimulate your child's senses by introducing new sights, smells, sounds, and tastes as often as you can. 17

General approach for teaching 1.Allow time for the child to integrate explanations. 2.Verbalize frequently to the child 3.Use drawing and stories to explain care. 4. Use accurate names for bodily functions. 5.Allow choices

Nutrition Teaching for Health promotion and health Maintenance 1.Teach normal intake and decreasing number of snacks. 2.Engage child in food preparation and pouring liquid. 3.Recognize of importance social of eating. 4.Start to teach food groups and importance of nutrition. 5.Make diary products consumed low or reduced fat. 6.Alter intake as appropriate depending on weight.

Protective factors regarding physical Activity 1.Expected developmental progression. 2.Daily contact with other young children 3.Access to ball, tricycle and other material that foster physical activity. 4.Family member engage in daily physical activity 5.Family understated motor developmental milestones 6.Television and other screen activity are limited to no more than 2hrs daily.

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