National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in Developing Countries AGED 4713 Fall 2001

NARS definition: 4 The NARS in Developing countries include all the various national organizations which undertake agricultural research in their respective countries.

Responsibility of NARS: 4 To conduct research to develop and adapt technology and to participate in the transfer of technology.

Advantages of NARS 4 Direct institutional /client linkages 4 Close proximity to farmer’s problems 4 Ability to collect field-level data relatively inexpensively 4 On-site staff and facilities 4 Effective conduit for communicating development strategy and policies to policy makers

Types of NARS 4 Publicly supported (centralized) 4 Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized ) 4 Endowed research institutes 4 Agricultural Universities 4 Private sector research institutes 4 Non-governmental Organizations 4 Multinational, regional research institutes

Publicly supported (centralized) 4 Systems that are dependencies of, controlled by, and receive their financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture or other ministry in the federal government. 4 Examples: 3 Brazil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa) 3 Kenya: Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) 3 Pakistan: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)

NARS in developing countries 4 Embrapa's mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of the Brazilian agribusiness by generating, adapting and transferring knowledge and technology that benefits the Brazilian Society.

4 Embrapa coordinates the National Agricultural Research System with cooperated institutions carrying out research in geographical areas or in defined fields of scientific knowledge. 4 Networking through 37 research units researchers. 3 47% master's 3 49% Ph D’s

Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized ) 4 Systems that channel federal, state, private sector, and producers(commodity associations) funding to semi-autonomous state level research and extension programs. 4 Programs are commodity linked with disciplinary, cross commodity programs 4 Research/extension linkage: close, assembling/adapting technology to producers’ needs. 4 Example: 3 Mexico: INIFAP

Agricultural, Livestock and Rural Development, Fishing and Food Secretariat

Institutions funded by SAGARPA Semi-autonomous

Mexican NARS 4 The National Institute of Forestry, Livestock and Agricultural Research 4 It is a decentralized administrative entity of SAGARPA

4 Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized ) 4 Funded by 4 Federal 4 State 4 Producers (Fundacion Produce)

Objectives 4 To develop and strengthen National Strategic Research 4 To support research for sustainable natural resources management 4 To promote applied research and technology transfer

researchers. 56 % master's 16 % Ph D’s 3 82 PhD students in European and U.S. Universities

8 Regional Research Centers (CIR) 81 Research Stations 6 National Centers

Research Programs Crops 3 Avocado 3 Beans 3 Barley 3 Cacao 3 Corn 3 Citrus 3 Chile 3 Coffee 3 Cotton 3 Mango 3 Rice 3 Soybean 3 Wheat 4 Areas of specialization 3 Biotechnology 3 Entomology 3 Integrated resources Management 3 Plant genetics 3 Irrigation systems 3 Rain fed land management 3 Mechanization 3 Biofertilization 3 Corn Protein gene(opaco)

Research Programs 4 Livestock 3 Dairy Cattle 3 Dual Purpose 3 Sheep 3 Goat 3 Red deer 3 Pig 3 Poultry 3 Honey Bee 4 Areas of specialization 3 Animal health n Epidemiology n Parasitology n Microbiology 3 Nutrition 3 Reproduction 3 Genetics

Technology transfer programs

Agricultural universities 4 Institutions of higher learning that provide undergraduate and graduate education and grant related degrees, conduct research, and distribute information to agricultural sector clientele.

Agricultural universities 4 Autonomous, some semi-autonomous 4 Structure: Centralized 4 Funding sources: Public-federal and state 4 Nature of programs: education; some research and extension 4 Limited research 4 Limited extension linkages 4 Linkage with international/multinational programs

Agricultural universities: Mexico (SAGARPA supported) Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo Coahuila Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agricolas Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM 4 Decentralized 4 Autonomous 4 Funded by Federal Government: 3 Secretary of Education 3 UNAM Foundation: private support (10%) 3 Competitive funds for research: CONACYT 4 Mission: 3 Teaching, Research and Outreach

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM 4 85 % of research in Mexico 4 Comprehensive University (4-5 years) 4 68 Colleges offer 130 careers ( Students) 3 Faculty (College) of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics ( 2 campuses >3500 students) 3 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (1000 students)

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