Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After successful.

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After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1. Why groundnut cultivation is important? 2. Why groundnut is called as a nut?

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Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to: List the cultivated types of groundnuts. Explain the features of the cultivated types of groundnuts. Describe growth and development stages of groundnut plants. Explain formation of pegs and pods in groundnut. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut There are 4 types of groundnut plants based on the growth habit: Spanish (bunch), Virginia (bunch), Virginia (runner) and Valencia (bunch).

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut In the Spanish (bunch) group, the plants grow erect, possess light-green leaves, have round, plump non-dormant seeds, with light-rose testa, small pods, rarely have more than 2 seeds/pod, produce pods in clusters at the base of the plant, and popularly cultivated type.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut In Virginia bunch and runner types, the branches crawl either partially or completely on the surface of the soil, produce large pods all along them, possess dark-green foliage, have oblong, dormant brownish seeds, and late maturing but yield higher than bunch types.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut In Valencia bunch types, very sparse branching habit, dark green foliage, seeds long or short, seed coats purple, red, russet, or tan, many pods may have 3-4 seeds, are relatively unimportant.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut Spanish Bunch type Virginia spreading type Observe branches and pod setting in the two types

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After sowing, seedlings emerge in 5-10 days, depending on sowing depth and soil moisture.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut Bunch types do not possess seed dormancy. But seed of spreading types have a dormant period of 1-6 months, after harvest, depending on temperature and storage conditions. However, the dormancy can be broken by heat treatment or ethylene treatment.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut The plants usually grow slowly until about 40 days after planting. Peanut plants start flowering about 25 to 40 days after planting (Fig). Growth is more rapid between 40 to 100 days. During this period a four- to five-fold increase in peanut foliage occurs. Flowering stage

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut Groundnuts can flower (orange yellow) over a long period (20-60 days), depending on moisture availability, and temperature. The flowering period is considerably shorter in bunch type of cultivars than in spreading types.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut The flowers are born mostly near the base of plant. It is a self pollinated crop i.e its own pollen fertilizes the ovules. After fertilization, stalk of ovary elongates and forms a peg which contains fertilized ovules at the tip. The pegs penetrate the soil up to a depth of 7 cm and then grows horizontally when the ovary starts developing as a pod containing seeds. Groundnut Pegs

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut 1. Growing ovary. 2. Aerial peg, 5 to 7 days. 3. Peg soil penetration, 8 to 12 days. 4. Beginning of pod enlargement, 14 to 21 days. 5. Early stage in pod development. 6. Immature pod. Stages of pod development (after Smith, 1950)

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut Normally days are required for pod development from flowering to maturation in spreading types and slightly less than that (50-60 days) in bunch types. Vegetative development declines During pod filling.

With this, the Lesson 2 on Growth of Groundnut Plant, and also this Module I - About Groundnut concludes. Next, Module is about economically important insect pests in groundnut crop. Select Module II from Course contents Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut