By: Mrs. Brown ‘10

Society- page 126 in your text book. Social groups- Chapter 5 in other text book Institution – Chapter 5 in other text book.

Society- All the people who share common culture and who live together in one place. Social groups- Two or more people linked by a common purpose or interest. Institution –A system of norms organized around a given function or society. It is also a set of procedures which enables people in a society to satisfy their needs through social interaction.

Norms, values, roles, culture, interaction.

1. "No man is an island no man stands alone." 2. The need for friendship and a sense of belonging 3. To accomplish much desired goals 4. To fulfill acquired social roles and assumed status 5. Identity and security

1. Regular interaction 2. Have something in common, they identify with one another 3. Have rules 4. Depend on one another 5. Have certain expectations 6. Can be small or large 7. Formal or infomal.

List various groups to which people belong.

Primary groups Secondary groups In-group Out-group Reference group Formal group Informal group

-Generally small and have long periods of interaction. -Intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation -Aspects of emotional elements can be found in this type of relationship

-Usually cooperative and friendly and in continuous contact with each other. -Play an important role in the socialization process and the development of roles and social status. -Provides emotional support and encourages conformity through, obedience, respect or through pressure.

Examples of primary groups include: street gangs, members of a family, peer groups, that is, individuals who are of similar age coming together to form a group and sporting teams, like a basketball team etc.

These are formal interpersonal groups in which little social intimacy or mutual understanding is evident. These groups are usually large Short duration of interaction, little social intimacy.

Relationships are usually superficial and based strictly on business. Members are more formal and impersonal This group involves only a segment of the member's life. Exists to accomplish a specific purpose.

In-groups are groups to which people feel they belong. It comprises everyone who is regarded as 'we' or 'us'. Members feel a sense of distinctiveness and superiority among themselves. They see themselves as better than people in the out group.

Out-groups are groups to which people feel they do not belong. It comprises everyone who is viewed as 'they' or 'them'. Conflicts may arise between in-groups and out-groups. Examples are the feuding between schools and individuals from distinctive neighbourhoods.

Groups that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their behaviour. Reference groups set and enforce standards of conduct and beliefs, serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others.

We also shift our reference group as we take on different positions during our lifetime. Reference groups may include our families, teachers, classmates, professional football team. We may use a group as a point of reference without being a part of this group. Reference groups may be positive or negative.