Social Groups and Formal Organizations

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Presentation transcript:

Social Groups and Formal Organizations Chapter 5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations

Groups Within Society Primary Groups Producing a Mirror Within Face-to-Face The Family Friends Producing a Mirror Within © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Groups Within Society Secondary Groups In-Groups and Out-Groups Larger, More Anonymous Members Interact Based on Statuses Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association In-Groups and Out-Groups Loyalty to In-Groups Antagonism Towards Out-Groups © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Groups Within Society Implications for Socially Diverse Society Traits of In-Group Seen as Virtues Same Traits in Out-Groups Seen as Vices Can Lead to Twisted Perceptions Reference Groups Evaluating Ourselves Expose Us to Contradictory Standards © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Groups Within Society Social Networks The Small World Phenomenon - Milgram Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth? – Kleinfeld © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Bureaucracies Five Characteristics of Bureaucracies Clear Cut Levels Division of Labor Written Rules Written Communication and Records Impersonality © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Typical Bureaucratic Structure of a Medium-Sized University Figure 5.1 The Typical Bureaucratic Structure of a Medium-Sized University © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies Take on a Life of their Own Suffers from Goal Displacement Red Tape Bureaucratic Alienation Resisting Alienation Bureaucratic Incompetence © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Working for the Corporation Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes in the “Hidden” Corporate Culture Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes and Promotions Do you think corporations & government agencies should offer diversity training? © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Group Dynamics Group Size Affects Stability and Intimacy Dyad Triad Coalitions As Size Increases, So Does Stability As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy Decrease © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Group Dynamics Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior The Larger the Group… Greater Diffusion of Responsibility Increase in Formality Division into Smaller Groups © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Group Size on Relationships Figure 5.2 The Effects of Group Size on Relationships © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Leadership Who Becomes a Leader? Types of Leaders Leadership Styles Instrumental Expressive Leadership Styles Authoritarian; Democratic; Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles in Changing Situations © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Group Dynamics Power of Peer Pressure Asch Experiment Study on Conformity Power of Authority - Milgram Experiment Administering Shocks; turning up Voltage Recent Replications Consistent with Earlier © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Asch’s Cards Figure 5.3 Asch’s Cards © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Group Dynamics Global Consequences of Group Dynamics: Groupthink Irving Janis Coined the Term Examples of Groupthink Preventing Groupthink © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.