6.1: Digestion & absorption Why digest?. Define these terms IngestionEat the food DigestionChemical reactions breaking down the food AbsorptionSmall molecules.

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6.1: Digestion & absorption Why digest?

Define these terms IngestionEat the food DigestionChemical reactions breaking down the food AbsorptionSmall molecules passing into blood/lymphatic vessels TransportCirculatory system delivering absorbed molecules

What are molecules made of? Poly, di or monosaccharides  monosaccharides Triglycerides  glycerol & fatty acids Protein  amino acids DNA, RNA  nucleotides

What is this? Amino acid!

Mono, Di or Poly? Maltose Disaccharide

What is this? Saturated fatty acid

Mono, Di or Poly? Glycogen Polysaccharide

What is this? Ribose

What is this? Unsaturated fatty acid

Mono, Di or Poly? Fructose Monosaccharide

Glucose What is this?

How are molecules broken down? Salivary enzymes Pepsin (protease) Pancreatic lipase SourceSalivary glandsStomach cellsPancreas cells SubstrateAmylose (starch) Proteins (polypeptides) lipids ProductsMaltose, glucose Amino acidsGlycerol & fatty acids Optimum pH737

Digestive System aka alimentary canal

Page 280 (154 in the old book) – draw and annotate a diagram of the human digestive system. You will be expected to draw this from memory!

-Secretes enzymes into the S.I -Contains two gland tissues types -Hormone secretions -Enzyme secretions -Digestive enzymes synthesized in pancreatic gland cells on ribosomes (rER) then processed by the Golgi apparatus and excreted by exocytosis. -Pancreatic juice contains: -Amylase -Lipases -Proteases

-Duodenum is the first part. Food stuff mixed with bile (from liver/gall bladder) and trypsin (protease), lipase, amylase and bicarbonate (from pancreas) -Most molecules absorbed through capillary bed expect fatty acids (absorbed into lacteal)

Tissue layers in transverse section of the small intestines, as seen with an electron microscope. (also on pg. 281 fig. 2) It would be a good idea to be able to draw and label this diagram.

Enzymes in the small intestines EnzymeSubstrateProduct AmylaseStarchMaltose LipaseTriglyceridesFatty acids & glycerol or fatty acids & monoglycerides PhospholipasePhospholipidsFatty acids, glycerol & phosphate ProteaseProteins & polypeptides Shorter peptides

Immobilized enzymes EnzymeSubstrateProduct NucleasesDNA, RNANucleotides MaltaseMaltoseGlucose LactaseLactoseGlucose & galactose SucraseSucroseGlucose & fructose ExopeptidasesPeptidesRemove single amino acid at a time until a dipeptide remains DipeptidasesDipeptidesAmino acids

In summary…. Small intestine is able to absorb a wide range of substances including: Glucose, fructose, galactose, the twenty amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, glycerol, nucleotides, mineral ions (Ca, K, Na) and vitamins (vitamin C aka ascorbic acid)

6. 1: Methods of absorption HWK sheet