Mood Disorders Mood Disorders –Many people have ups and downs –But some people have mood swings that are not appropriate for the situation.

–Depression – feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt and great sadness.

Types of Mood Disorders Types of Mood Disorders –Major Depression –the most common of all psychological disorders. –100 million people worldwide are affected

–Diagnosed when people display 5 of 9 symptoms (see handout) –Symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks.

Bipolar Disorder – involves a cycles of mood changes from elation to depression (mania) Bipolar Disorder – involves a cycles of mood changes from elation to depression (mania) –Inflated self-esteem –Inability to sit still –Pressure to keep talking –Racing thoughts

Why do people have mood disorders? Why do people have mood disorders? –Suffered a loss –Learned that things are out of their control –Try to explain events : “ I messed up” –Negative view of self

–Between 20-25% of people with mood disorders have a family member that suffers from the same symptoms. –Neurotransmitters may play a role (low levels of serotonin)

Schizophrenia – loss of contact with reality Schizophrenia – loss of contact with reality –Usually appears in young adulthood –Hallucinations, voices –Delusions of grandeur –belief that they are superior to others.

May believe they are famous or on a special mission to save the world. May believe they are famous or on a special mission to save the world. –Social withdraw –Catatonic Stupor – immobile, expressionless, coma-like state

–An estimated 2 million people in the U.S. have schizophrenia Types: Types: –Paranoid – may be convinced that people are plotting against them

Agitated, confused and afraid. Agitated, confused and afraid. –Disorganized- unconnected hallucinations, emotionless or show inappropriate emotions

–Catatonic Activity slows Activity slows May hold unusual or uncomfortable body positions for a long time May hold unusual or uncomfortable body positions for a long time

Why do people have Schizophrenia? Why do people have Schizophrenia? –Overwhelming of the ego by the urges of the id –Family environment –Brain disorders

Differences in the frontal lobe, smaller Differences in the frontal lobe, smaller Loss of synapses (structures that connect neurons) Loss of synapses (structures that connect neurons) –Mothers had pregnancy complications (flu)

–Multifactorial Model of Schizophrenia Personality Disorders Personality Disorders –Usually show up in late adolescence –Enduring traits (not illnesses)

Paranoid – suspiciousness and distrust Paranoid – suspiciousness and distrust Schizoid – no interest in relationships. Lack emotional responsiveness Schizoid – no interest in relationships. Lack emotional responsiveness –No delusions or hallucionations

Antisocial – disregard for the rights of others (run away, hurt others, break the law) Antisocial – disregard for the rights of others (run away, hurt others, break the law) Avoidant – fear of the disapproval of others (shy and withdrawn) Avoidant – fear of the disapproval of others (shy and withdrawn)

–Why do people have personality disorders? Problems in development Problems in development Learned behaviors Learned behaviors Genetic factors Genetic factors