PHYSICAL EXAM and LAB EQUIPMENT Heather Wipijewski CVT ALAT This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This solution is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.

TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PE  Assessment – Describe the evaluation of a condition.  Signalment – Description of the animal and includes species, breed, age and sex.  Vital Signs – Parameters taken from animal to assess its’ health. Temperature, Pulse and Respiration (TPR) Temperature, Pulse and Respiration (TPR) Febrile – feverFebrile – fever Afebrile - without feverAfebrile - without fever Pyrexia – fever (pyr/o means fire)Pyrexia – fever (pyr/o means fire)

 Pulse Tells us the number of times a heart beats per minute (bpm) Tells us the number of times a heart beats per minute (bpm) Taken by palpation of an artery. Taken by palpation of an artery. Not the same as heart rate Not the same as heart rate Heart rate (HR) and pulse rate may be different (shouldn’t be) – and this is termed a pulse deficit. Heart rate (HR) and pulse rate may be different (shouldn’t be) – and this is termed a pulse deficit.  Respiration Number of breaths per minute (bpm) Number of breaths per minute (bpm) Includes one inhale AND exhale Includes one inhale AND exhale

PHYSICAL EXAM CONT.  Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer (sfigh-mo-mah-nohm- eh-ter) is the instrument used to measure blood pressure. Sphygmomanometer (sfigh-mo-mah-nohm- eh-ter) is the instrument used to measure blood pressure. Doppler is used to listen to blood sounds during the measurement of blood pressure. Doppler is used to listen to blood sounds during the measurement of blood pressure. Doppler Sphygmomanometer

PE cont.  Listening – Auscultation is listening to body sounds, which usually involves the use of a stethescope.  Touching – Palpation is examination by feeling. One can feel texture, size, consistency and location of body parts or masses. Percussion is examination by tapping the surface to determine density of a body area. Can be done with a finger or instrument. percussion

PE Cont.  Looking – Speculum is an instrument used to enlarge the opening of a canal or cavity. It is attached to an otoscope (or other scope) to provide a better view. Mouth speculum can be used to view oral cavity. Equine with mouth speculum Otoscope

NORMAL VITAL SIGNS Heart Rate Bpm Respiratory Rate Bpm Rectal temperature °C °F Dogs Cat Hamster Guinea Pigs Rabbits Horses Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs Llama Ferret

LAB TERMINOLOGY  Venipuncture – Drawing blood from vein with needle  Refractometer – Instrument used to determine the deviation of light through objects. Used to measure solute (particle) concentration of serum, urine and other body fluids.

LAB TERMINOLOGY CCCCentrifuge- Machine that spins samples very rapidly to separate elements based on weight. Separates the formed elements of blood from the liquid portion of blood. Also separates the liquid portion of urine from heavier solids. centrifuge Centrifuged urineCentrifuged blood sample serum WBC/platelet RBC

URINE AND BLOOD Sperm Epithelial Cell URINE SAMPLE

URINE SAMPLES Unstained white blood cells Red blood cells

Canine blood sample Platelets Red Blood Cells (2) Platelets from a healthy dog