GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PORT RIVALRY IN THE YANGZI RIVER DELTA CLAUDE COMTOIS CHEVALIER VISITING PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

KEY ISSUES  HOW ARE MARINE GATEWAYS BEING SHAPED?  HOW ARE YANGZI CONTAINER SHIPPING SERVICES RESTRUCTURED?  HOW ARE CHINA’S POLICIES AFFECTING SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MARINE ACTIVITIES?  HOW IS SHORT SEA SHIPPING BECOMING A FACTOR OF CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT?

Island Island Sea Port Sea Port C O N T I N E N T bridge Interior center Load center Regional gateway network Freight corridor Shortsea/feeder services Deepsea liner services O C E A N MARINE GATEWAY SYSTEM

TOP MARINE GATEWAYS, 2005 Containers Handlings (TEUs) SINGAPORE STRAIT RHINE-SCHELDT KOREAN PENINSULA SAN PEDRO AREA HELGOLAND BAY TOKYO BAY Singapore : Port Klang : Tanjung Pelapas : Pasir Gudang : Jurong : Los Angeles : Long Beach : San Diego : Rotterdam : Antwerp : Hamburg : Bremen : TAIWAN STRAIT Kaohsiung : Taichung : Busan : Guangyang : Ulsan : Masan : Tokyo : Yokohama : Chiba : Kawazaki : Shanghai : Ningbo : PEARL RIVER DELTA Hong Kong : Shenzhen : Guangzhou : Zhongshan : Jiangmen : YANGZI RIVER DELTA

CONTAINER TRAFFIC BETWEEN SHANGHAI AND YANGZI RIVER PORTS, Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

SELECTED LAND AND MARINE GATEWAYS IN ZHEJIANG, 2005 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

A) Market quotient of Shanghai port for Zheijang container imports, 1999 B) Market quotient of Shanghai port for Zheijang container exports, 1999 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

A) Market quotient of Ningbo port for Zheijang container imports, 1999 B) Market quotient of Ningbo port for Zheijang container exports, 1999 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM 050 Km B > Market quotient < 0.25 Port location Î A Highway Province limit Railway Hangzhou bay Z H E J I A N G East China Sea Lishui Zhoushan Hangzhou Shaoxing Jinhua Wenzhou Shanghai Jiaxing Huzhou Quzhou Tai Hu Ningbo city Linhai (Taizhou) Xin anjiung Res. Quzhou Hangzhou bay Jiaxing Huzhou Lishui Zhoushan Hangzhou Shaoxing Jinhua Linhai Wenzhou Z H E J I A N G China (Taizhou) East Sea Tai Hu Ningbo city Shanghai

STAGES IN CHINA’S PORT REFORM PROCESS SINCE 1978 DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITY  CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FIVE-YEAR PLANS  LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT  INVESTMENTS BY DOMESTIC COMPANIES OVERSEAS PARTICIPATION  FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT  SEPARATION OF GOVERNMENT FROM ENTERPRISE  CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING

FOREIGN OWNERSHIP IN SELECTED YANGZI RIVER DELTA PORT SYSTEM, 2005 Source : Drewry Shipping Consultants, 2004 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

COMPETITIVE FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GATEWAYS  GOVERNMENT POLICY AND PLANNING  CORPORATE PLAYERS AND STRATEGIES  EXTENSIVE NETWORKING  UNIMPEDED ACCESSIBILITY  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES

EMERGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT  EMERGING CONSENSUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS  DEVELOPMENT OF «GREEN PORTS»  COMPETITION BETWEEN LOGISTICS CHAINS  GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

GROWTH IN SHORT SEA SHIPPING  GOVERNMENT PROMOTION OF SHORT SEA MOTORWAYS  OCEAN GOING SHIPPING LINES INROADS INTO SHORT SEA SHIPPING DISTRIBUTION  TERMINAL OPERATORS INVESTING IN SHORT SEA SHIPPING LINES  DEVELOPMENT OF «WATERWAY BRANCHES»  ALLIANCES BETWEEN SHORT SEA SHIPPING LINES  FROM WHOLESALER OF PORT-TO-PORT SERVICES TO RETAILER OF DOOR-TO-DOOR SERVICES

COST TRANSIT COMPETITIVENESS OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT IN THE YANGZI RIVER, 2006 ORIGINMODE DISTANCE TO SHANGHAI (KM) TRANSIT TIME (DAYS) COST (US $) WUHANRAIL TRUCK BARGE CHONGQINGRAIL TRUCK BARGE

CONCLUSION  INCREASING COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT  INTERLOCKING PORT DEVELOPMENT OF SHANGHAI AND NINGBO  YANGZI GATEWAY STATUS AND SHORT SEA SHIPPING STRATEGY