8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 1 XML and e-commerce in book and serials publishing Francis J Cave Francis Cave Digital Publishing

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 2 Projects / initiatives using XML Digital Object Identifier (DOI) metadata –kernel metadata –genre metadata Digital rights management –XrML (ContentGuard) –ODRL () – “Book trade” product information –EPICS –ONIX XML/EDI initiatives

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 3 Digital Object Identifier International DOI Foundation An identifier for intellectual property entities –persistent the identifier remains the same, regardless of ownership or location of the entity it identifies –actionable the identifier is part of a system that includes technology (the Handles system) for resolving DOIs to specific locations –interoperable the identifier uses existing identification schemes, such as ISBN, ISSN, SICI and PII

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 4 Digital Object Identifier DOI kernel metadata –needed to provide a minimal description of the identified entity: DOI genree.g. journal article, e-book, photo unique identifiere.g. ISBN, ISMN title entity typee.g. work, physical manifestation originatione.g. original, excerpt primary agentagent identifier agent rolee.g. publisher, distributor

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 5 Digital Object Identifier DOI genre metadata –extension of the kernel metadata to meet the description requirements of a specific genre –focus on rights metadata –must follow the model So what’s this all got to do with XML...? –registration of DOIs will in future involve mandatory delivery of DOI metadata in XML –XML format is likely to be harmonised with ONIX Finding out more... –

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 6 Digital Rights Management XrML – eXtensible Rights Markup Language –developed at Xerox PARC –XML-based language for specifying rights and issuing permissions associated with works –llicensed by ContentGuard, a Xerox spin-off supported by Microsoft, Adobe and others – ODRL – Open Digital Rights Language –developed by OASIS editor Renato Iannella, IPR Systems –standardised rights language with XML binding –

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 7 Book trade metadata EDItEUR Product Information Communication Standard (EPICS) ONIX International

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 8 EPICS Abstract data dictionary –Defines semantics of product information for the book trade (books, serials, looseleafs, electronic...) –Defines an abstract data model for product information in terms of data elements, composites and value domains –Does not define a concrete syntax –Based upon the principles defined in the metadata schema

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 9 EPICS Pilot XML expression –DTD development based upon RDF –Strong EDI “feel” in choice of syntax –March 2000: exploring harmonisation with MUZE MerchEnt –Development suspended in March as priority switched to development of ONIX International Current status –Maintained as the abstract foundation for ONIX –A basis (primary source) for other “book” and allied trade metadata standards

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 10 ONIX International True XML application –XML DTD now... XML Schema later –ONIX messages must be valid XML documents One DTD, two implementation levels –Level 1 – meets original US ONIX requirements minimal use of composites short “numeric” element type names aimed at low-tech SMEs –Level 2 – implements most of the EPICS semantics wider use of composites (but fewer than in EPICS) choice of short and verbose element type names aimed at larger publishers

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 11 ONIX International ONIX descriptive metadata element groups: –Product numbers –Product form –Series details –Set details –Title –Authorship (contributors) –Conference –Edition –Language –Pagination and other content –Subject –Audience –Publisher –Publishing dates –Territorial rights –Dimensions –Descriptions and other text –Links to image/audio/video –Prizes –Replaced by / alternative format –Supplier, availability and prices –Sales promotion information

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 12 ONIX International Metadata group example: “authorship” –organised into metadata about each individual contributor (author, editor, translator,...) –individual contributor information comprises some combination of any of the following data elements: contributor sequence number (display ordering) contributor role person name person name, inverted structured person name (up to six elements) professional position affiliation corporate contributor name biographical note contributor description (other than biographical information)

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 13 ONIX International XML-coded example of a contributor composite, using short element type names (Level 1): A01 Schur, Norman W A Harvard graduate in Latin and Italian literature, Norman Schur attended the University of Rome and the Sorbonne before returning to the United States to study law at Harvard and Columbia Law Schools. Now retired from legal practice, Mr Schur is a fluent speaker and writer of both British and American English

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 14 ONIX International XML-coded example of a contributor composite, using verbose element type names: A01 Schur, Norman W A Harvard graduate in Latin and Italian literature, Norman Schur attended the University of Rome and the Sorbonne before returning to the United States to study law at Harvard and Columbia Law Schools. Now retired from legal practice, Mr Schur is a fluent speaker and writer of both British and American English

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 15 ONIX International Current status –Current release (1.1) was issued in July 2000 –Minor corrections in August 2000 –Next release (1.2) expected end mid-November 2000 –Schema under development to enable verification of element content –Extensions in progress for: e-books (for release 1.3 in December 2000) video (for release in 2001) rights metadata

8th November 2000 SGML UK Meeting: XML in Publishing 16 XML/EDI initiatives Book Industry Communication (BIC) / EDItEUR are evaluating XML as an alternative to EDI for trade with libraries –draft DTD for library book order messages Direction likely to be influenced by the Global Commerce Initiative (GCI) and ebXML Finding out more... –EDItEURhttp:// –GCIhttp://globalcommerceinitiative.org/ –ebXMLhttp://