EARTHQUAKES AND PLATE TECTONICS

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PLATE TECTONICS IN THE ZONE DAMAGE SEISMIC WAVES 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt
Advertisements

HOW AND WHERE EARTHQUAKES HAPPEN
Earthquakes.
EARTHQUAKES.
Earthquakes Earthquakes occur along faults
Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves
March 31  Describe Stress vs. Strain  Describe Elastic Rebound  Describe the different types of faults.
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Earth Science Fall  Earthquake- vibration of the earth’s crust Usually occur when rocks under stress suddenly shift along a fault.
Earthquakes Chapter 5. Earthquakes What causes and earthquake? 1._____________________________________ 2.Stress adds _________ to rock and ___________.
Earthquakes and Deformation of the Crust 1. 2 Deformation of the Crust Stress –Force that causes pressure in the rocks of the earth’s crust Strain –Change.
Warm Up When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called the ____. a. fault c. seismic center b. epicenter d.
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Earthquakes.
Earthquakes & Volcanoes. BIG Ideas: 1. Most geologic activity occurs at the boundaries between plates. 2. Earthquakes are natural vibrations of the ground,
Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves
Earthquakes.
2/13/15 Bell Ringer (L32) How are mid-ocean trenches formed?
Chapter 12 Study Notes Earthquakes. 1 A ____ wave is a seismic wave that travels through the _____ of the earth. –body –interior.
Chapter 8 Earthquakes.
Chapter 10 Objectives 1. Discuss the elastic rebound theory. 2. Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries. 3. Compare the 3 types of.
Earthquakes Chapter 6. Elastic Rebound Theory Rocks on either side of a fault move slowly When locked, stress builds…until fault ruptures Rocks fracture.
EARTHQUAKES 2007 Japan quake.
Measuring Earthquakes
Earthquakes and Tectonics Vocab Waves Boundaries General Info Random
What causes an earthquake?  Deformation- the change in shape of rock in response to stress  Elastic Rebound- Return of rock to its original undeformed.
Earthquakes Chapter 6. Elastic Rebound Theory Rocks on each side of the fault are moving slowly If the fault is “locked”, stress increases Rocks fracture.
EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES REVIEW. Which seismic waves are the fastest?
Earthquakes Sections 6.2 and 6.3.
Inside Earth Chapter 2 Earthquakes 2.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves.
Earthquakes Chapter 6 Section 1.
Forces in Earth Earthquakes
Earthquake Properties
CO- Earthquakes LO-Describe the major hazards and causes of Earthquakes around the world.
Earthquakes Chapter 6.1. Earthquakes & Plate Tectonics 1. Earthquakes are vibrations of the earth’s crust. a. Earthquakes occur when rocks under stress.
8.1 Earthquakes.
Earthquakes Vibrations of the earths crust Occur when rocks shift suddenly under a fault When friction prevents rocks from moving the fault is said to.
Earthquakes An earthquake is the shaking or trembling of the earth caused by the _Sudden_ movement of the earth’s crust. They usually occur where rocks.
Section 6.1 Objectives 1. Discuss the elastic rebound theory.
Chapter 12 Earthquakes.
EARTHQUAKE NOTES SHAKING UP THE EARTH. EARTHQUAKES What is an earthquake? A tremendous release of pressure from the earth that causes shockwaves to shake.
How do scientists know the structure of the Earth? Rock samples (direct evidence) Seismic waves (indirect evidence) –Vibrations that travel through Earth.
Chapter 6 Earthquakes Ch. 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics.
Bell Ringer Monday 11/30/09 Where do most volcanoes tend to form? a. convergent plate boundaries b. divergent plate boundaries c. hot spots d. all of the.
Earthquakes. What’s an Earthquake? Earthquakes are movements of the ground that are caused by a sudden release of energy when along a fault move. Earthquakes.
EARTHQUAKES Shake, Rattle and Roll!
1. What do seismologists use to determine when an earthquake started? A seismogram 2. How is the intensity of an earthquake determined? By the amount.
Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media such as springs, ropes, and the Earth (seismic waves).
Chapter 12 Earthquakes.
Unit 5: Earthquakes Mr. Ross Brown.
Chapter 12: Earthquakes.
Lithosphere-Earthquakes Unit
Earthquakes!!!!!!!!!
Earthquakes Vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy.
Earthquakes.
Do First Questions: What mechanical layer of the Earth are plates made of? What mechanical layer of the Earth is moving causing the plates to move?
Earthquakes.
Earthquakes.
Key Terms 5.2.
earthquake: shaking and trembling that results from sudden movement of part of the Earth’s crust
Do First Questions: What mechanical layer of the Earth are plates made of? What mechanical layer of the Earth is moving causing the plates to move?
Forces in Earth Earthquakes
A numerical scale used to measure the magnitude or energy released
Earthquakes Review.
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Earthquakes.
Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
How and Where Earthquakes Happen
Earthquakes.
Earthquakes.
Presentation transcript:

EARTHQUAKES AND PLATE TECTONICS CHAPTER 6 SECTION 1

ELASTIC REBOUND THEORY Rocks on each side of a fault are moving. Fault is locked, rocks stop moving. Rocks on each side of a fault are stressed. Rocks fracture and separate at weakest point. Rocks return to original shape.

Elastic Rebound Theory

AFTERSHOCKS Original earthquake releases energy in the form of vibrations called seismic waves. These vibrations may increase stress in other rocks along the fault. The increased stress on these rocks may cause them to fracture and spring back. The series of smaller tremors are called aftershocks.

FOCUS Area along a fault where the slippage first occurs Focus is beneath the earth’s surface The epicenter is directly above The depth of the focus varies

FOCUS DEPTH - 1975-95

FOCUS DEPTH OF EARTHQUAKES IN WASHINGTON 1977-1996

A point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus EPICENTER A point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus

MAJOR EARTHQUAKE ZONES Pacific Ring of Fire Mid-ocean ridges Eurasian-Melanesian Mountain Belt

MAJOR EARTHQUAKES AREAS

PUGET SOUND FAULT ZONES

Magnitude

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE Kobe Earthquake

LIQUEFACTION Kobe

RECORDING EARTHQUAKES CHAPTER 6, SECTION 2

TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES P waves S waves L waves

P WAVES Fastest wave First recorded on seismograph Travel through solid and liquid Cause rock particles to move together and apart along the direction of the waves.

S WAVES Second wave to reach seismograph Travels through solids only Cause rock particles to move at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling

L WAVES Slowest moving of the three waves Also called surface or long waves Last to be recorded by the seismograph Travel over the earth’s surface similar to ocean waves Cause the greatest damage

SEISMOGRAPH A device used to measure seismic waves

LOCATING THE EPICENTER

EARTHQUAKE SCALES RICHTER MERCALLI

RICHTER SCALE Scale that ranges from 1-10 Each whole number increases the magnitude of the energy 31.7 times Largest recorded magnitude - 9.5 Above 7 - Major earthquake Between 6 and 7 - Moderate earthquake Between 2.5 and 6 - Minor earthquake Less than 2.5 - Microearthquake

MERCALLI SCALE Measures the intensity of the damaged caused by the earthquake Scale of I - XII (1-12)

I. Not felt except by a very few

II. Felt by a very few persons on the upper floors of buildings

III. Felt indoors

IV. Hanging objects swing

V. Felt outdoors

VI. Felt by all, many scared and run outdoors

VII. Difficult to stand

VIII. Damage slight in specially designed structures

IX. Damage considerable in specially designed structures

X. Ground cracked, rail bent

XI. Bridges destroyed, broad fissures in ground

XII. Damage total

Pacific Northwest Earthquake Information REQUEST FOR EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION

BEFORE - Be prepared DURING - Stay calm AFTER - Stay cautious EARTHQUAKE SAFETY BEFORE - Be prepared DURING - Stay calm AFTER - Stay cautious

ASSIGNMENT WORKSHEET 6.3 Page 111, #1-5