Physical Map

Ancient Greece 2000 B.C.- 323 B.C. What shapes a society?Geography cultural, land type, What shaped our nation as it is? Geography & other cultures Greece/Began Democracy/idea that the people rule/can express their ideas and voice opinion

Geography shaped Greek Civilization 1. The Sea coastal land Aegean, Ionian, and Black Seas were waterways for Greeks Climate Mediterranean climate Moderate temperature Low rainfall No snow Coastal Geography what advantages? SEA 1. Trade easier/quicker 2. Defense/must sail to get their mountains protect other part CLIMATE 1.w/adv? Moderate/not cold/example Sand Diego/ time spent at marketplace gymnasiuom and political meetings/theatre/religious celebrations LAND 1. W/advt&Disadvt with mountains? Protection/not fertile,weeks to travel short distance ,hard to control, hard to feed pop. Greece only had 2mil at one time couldn’t support relied ont rade

Geography ¾’s of land covered with mountains The Land ¾’s of land covered with mountains small communities /not much farming land Greece never able to support a large pop. Diet—staple crops grains, grapes, and olives.

Culture and Trade Warrior Kings and nobles lived in walled cities Peasants lived outside the walls Seaborne trade was their livelihood

Greek Wrestlers Ancient Games

The Minoans of Crete Minoan civilization developed as early as 2800 BC Lasted nearly 1,000 years Minoan ships filled with trade goods sailed back and forth between Crete and her colonies around the Aegean Sea and even to Egypt

Knossos Much of Minoan life revealed by excavations Solidly constructed buildings Private rooms Basic plumbing Brightly colored artwork Artwork shows life tied to sea, women as priests, dangerous games

Excavation site Palace of Knossos

Palace of Knossos

Throne room

Artwork

Minoans Minoan civilization fell apart rather suddenly, possibly from disaster. Large eruption of volcanic island near Crete may have affected worldwide weather patterns. Damage to Minoan ports, fewer crops may have weakened society Minoans conquered by warlike Mycenaeans

Built to withstand any attack The Mycenaeans Mainland Greeks Leading city of Mycenae Built to withstand any attack Warlike raiding kingdoms The Trojan War Most likely a Mycenaean raid of a rival city Not trading scoiety like Minoans/ War like, raiding societies/ Not countries small areas with many kings and queens. Mycenae// located on a steep rocky ridge surounded by 20 feet thick walls/ perfect for defense MANY FORTS-lke this with many kings MYCEBAEBS RAID ONE SOCIETY leads to trojan war/ Indo-Europeans migrated and settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. Mycenae located on steep rocky ridge surround by a protective wall up to 20 ft. thick. Influential and militaristic rulers controlled Kings dominated Greece

Mycenaean Differences Mycenaeans The Mycenaean States Mycenaeans built small kingdoms, often fought with each other Name comes from fortress, Mycenae First Greeks Mycenaeans considered first Greeks, spoke form of Greek language Earliest kingdoms owed much to Minoans Minoan Influences Mycenaeans traded with Minoans, copied writing Became great traders Trade increased after they conquered Crete Mycenaean Differences Society dominated by intense competition, frequent warfare, powerful kings Kings taxed trade and farming to build palaces, high walls

Mycenaean Strengths and Downfall To show off strength, Mycenaeans built great monuments like Lion’s Gate Kings’ constant quest for power, glory inspired legends Most famous, story of Trojan War Trojan War War supposedly involved early Greeks, led by Mycenae, who fought powerful city called Troy, in what is now Turkey Downfall War played part in end of Mycenaean civilization, as did drought, famine By end of 1100s BC, Mycenaean cities mostly in ruins; dark age followed Greek civilization almost disappeared

Lion’s Gate Entrance to Citadel

The Greek Dark Ages stories past on through word of mouth Skill of writing lost/ no written records 1150- 750 B.C. Homer- wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey stories past on through word of mouth Epics - heroic poems Arete -to strive for excellence, to show courage, and to win fame and honor What are the dark ages of any society? No written records/constant war records lost/high death rate/ ART>INVENTIONS/ STORIES PAST ON BY WORD OF MOUTH HOMER-stories/word of mounth-movies,myth, legend, glory, fame ARETE - Honor/Mex pride?WAR OR GAMES/ Epics/ heroic poems- kids stories knights in shining armor Iliad and Odyssey two literate masterpieces big in English and History Individuals about heroes and exploits The Odyssey about an odyssey adventure home