Nutrient Needs

The study of how your body uses the food you eat. Nutrition

Poor nutrition over an extended period of time. Body does not get what it needs from food Body does not have the nutrients it needs for energy, growth, repair and the regulation of various body processes. Malnutrition

So what do we eat? Food is made up of Nutrients….. a chemical found in foods, critical to human growth and function. Nutrients… Supply energy Help build cells and tissues Regulate body processes

Malnutrition Causes overweight and underweight health situations Delays or inhibits growth and development as well as resistance to diseases in children Affects teenage girls in childbearing years Severely affects unborn child in pregnant women Affects your health and life span

Nutrients Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Fats Fats Proteins Proteins Vitamins Vitamins Minerals Minerals Water Water

Carbohydrates #1 ENERGY source #1 ENERGY source Mainly from plant sources Mainly from plant sources Whole grain—important for fiber Whole grain—important for fiber Fiber –non digestible 20 – 35 g/day (age + 5) Fiber –non digestible 20 – 35 g/day (age + 5) Two types---simple and complex Two types---simple and complex 4 Calories/gram 4 Calories/gram All must get broken down into simple sugars for the body to absorb All must get broken down into simple sugars for the body to absorb Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, starch, cellulose Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, starch, cellulose

Fats Promote healthy skin and cell growth Promote healthy skin and cell growth Saturated fats  raise LDL Saturated fats  raise LDL Unsaturated fats may lower cholesterol Unsaturated fats may lower cholesterol Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fats Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fats Hydrogenation—Crisco Hydrogenation—Crisco Trans fatty acids—partially hydrogenated oils Trans fatty acids—partially hydrogenated oils 9 calories/gram 9 calories/gram Energy source– transport nutrients (fat sol. Vit) Energy source– transport nutrients (fat sol. Vit) Excess stored as fat in the body Excess stored as fat in the body Cholesterol—LDL, HDL a fat like substance Cholesterol—LDL, HDL a fat like substance Adds flavor to foods Adds flavor to foods

Protein The chemical building blocks of the body needed for growth, maintenance and repair of tissues. The chemical building blocks of the body needed for growth, maintenance and repair of tissues. Repair body tissues, immune system Repair body tissues, immune system 1/5 of entire body weight 1/5 of entire body weight Excess stored as fat Excess stored as fat Chains of amino acids—22 needed 9 essential Chains of amino acids—22 needed 9 essential Complete proteins–animal source and soy Complete proteins–animal source and soy Incomplete proteins—missing 1 key amino acid Incomplete proteins—missing 1 key amino acid Kwashiorkor—deficiency Kwashiorkor—deficiency 4 calories/gram 4 calories/gram

Vitamins Keep body tissues healthy and help systems function properly Keep body tissues healthy and help systems function properly Fat soluble—ADEK Fat soluble—ADEK Water soluble—C, B Water soluble—C, B Organic Organic A—vision—beta carotene—dark green leafy and yellow/orange A—vision—beta carotene—dark green leafy and yellow/orange D—calcium absorption—sunshine vitamin—fortified milk rickets D—calcium absorption—sunshine vitamin—fortified milk rickets E– antioxidant, clear skin nuts and oils, green leafy veggies E– antioxidant, clear skin nuts and oils, green leafy veggies K—clotting of the blood green leafy veggie, daily, egg yolks K—clotting of the blood green leafy veggie, daily, egg yolks C—immune system—ascorbic acid, maintain healthy bones, teeth, iron absorption, antioxidant scurvy C—immune system—ascorbic acid, maintain healthy bones, teeth, iron absorption, antioxidant scurvy B—in all grains— B—in all grains— Niacin—b3 nervous system and carbs to energy pellagra Niacin—b3 nervous system and carbs to energy pellagra Riboflavin b2 carbs to energy Riboflavin b2 carbs to energy Thiamin b1 carbs to energy, nervous system beri beri Thiamin b1 carbs to energy, nervous system beri beri Folate—birth defects, builds red blood cells with b12 green leafy veggies, grains Folate—birth defects, builds red blood cells with b12 green leafy veggies, grains

Minerals Macro and micro minerals (trace elements) Macro and micro minerals (trace elements) Inorganic Inorganic Calcium-bone growth, osteoporosis Calcium-bone growth, osteoporosis Phosphorus-with calcium, build body cells Phosphorus-with calcium, build body cells Sodium, chlorine, potassium-osmosis-fluid balance Sodium, chlorine, potassium-osmosis-fluid balance Iron-carries oxygen in blood Iron-carries oxygen in blood Zinc-body heals, growth of tissues Zinc-body heals, growth of tissues Fluorine-strengthens teeth-water Fluorine-strengthens teeth-water Iodine-bodies use of energy-Iodized salt Iodine-bodies use of energy-Iodized salt

Water Critical to survival 60% of your body (80% of blood) Needed in most chemical reactions in body Hydration Temperature control of the body Weight 3-8=new needs in glasses/day Sources—water, juices, milk, fruit, soup etc..