INTERNATIONALA CONFERENCE Security and Defence R&D Management: Policy, Concepts and Models R&D HUMAN CAPITAL POLICY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR KONSTANTIN POUDIN May 2008 Varna, Bulgaria

Human Capital – the Most Important Factor of the Development of Economy of Science

Human Capital – Knowledge Competencies Skills Motivation Health Experience

HUMAN CAPITAL /HC/ FEATURES Development of HC is related to a lot of investments; Development of HC includes variety of activities, such as: educational initiatives, health initiatives, motivation activities etc.; Labor income is function of the investments in HC. People with higher education and qualification have to earn more money; Relation between HC and the level of technologies exists. The development of technologies put higher requirements towards HC.

R&D Human Capital has 2 important characteristics: QUANTITY & QUALITY

Qualitative indicators: Age/Gender Years of Experience Possession of PhD degree Possession of Scientific Title Participation in Research Projects Memberships in Research Networks Publications Participation in Training Quantitative indicators: Total Number of Researchers Number of Researchers in Public and Private Institutions Concentration / Distribution in Different Research Areas

all the member countries of the EU – 1,8% of GDP ,6% of GDP

Some Facts and Conclusions: 0,5% of GDP - must be 3% The average weighted total yearly salary of a researcher in Bulgaria is the lowest in Europe EURO Netherlands Norway Germany France Portugal Greece Poland Romania

Some Facts and Conclusions: Austria Italy Belgium Latvia Bulgaria Lithuania Croatia Luxembourg Cyprus Malta Czech Republic Netherlands Denmark Norway Estonia Poland Finland Portugal France Romania Germany Slovakia Greece Slovenia Hungary Spain Iceland Sweden Ireland Switzerland Israel Turkey United Kingdom The average weighted total yearly salary of researchers of each country in EU25 and Associated Countries (2006, N=6110, all currencies in PPS)

Some Facts and Conclusions: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 53 Institutions of Higher Education /43 Universities and Independent Higher Schools and 10 Colleges/; Non-government Organizations ; Companies Developing R&D Activity R&D Staff /Total/

Some Facts and Conclusions: PhD PROBLEM?. 2003/ / / /2007 PhD student New PhD

FUTURE STEPS More money for R&D / in general / More “private money” allocated for R&D Development and maintenance of R&D capacity in private companies New motivation initiatives which have to attract and retain researchers in their own country and Europe.

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