5.2 Cells: a Look Inside

Why is a cell like a cookie factory? A cookie factory has many parts that work together to make it function. A cell also has many parts that work together. Every cell part has a job or function.

Comparing cells to a factory This chart shows how a cell is like a cookie factory

What is the cell membrane? a thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from its outside environment. keeps the cytoplasm inside lets waste products out lets nutrients in is made out of lipids & proteins

What is the nucleus? most visible organelle is covered with a membrane that allows materials to pass in and out often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA The nucleolus acts as a storage area for materials.

What are mitochondria? the “powerhouses” of cells produce much of the energy a cell needs to function rod shaped surrounded by 2 membranes inner membrane has many folds only work if it has oxygen We breath air to get oxygen for our mitochondria

What is a vacuole? the storage area of the cell A small, fluid-filled sac Vacuoles store water, food, and waste. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole to store water

What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm. transport proteins from one part of the cell to another Series of folded & connected tubes

What are Ribosomes? the protein factories of the cell. When ribosomes make proteins, they release them into the ER Some ribosomes float in the cytoplasm

What are Golgi bodies? receive proteins and other compounds from the ER. package these materials & distribute them to other parts of the cell release materials outside the cell

What are Lysosomes? contain enzymes that can break things down pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles and break them into small pieces that can be reused

What is cytoskeleton? a series of fibers made from proteins provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape

How are plant cells different? Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. A chloroplast is an organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

How are plant cells different? Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores cell sap. Cell sap is mostly water Cell sap gives cell structure

How are plant cells different? Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. Made of cellulose Cell walls provide structure and support for the plant.