THE OTTAWA MICRO-ENVIRONMENT DATABASE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE RELATED AIR POLLUTANTS Deniz Karman Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton University For presentation at Environmental Health Center Environmental & Occupational Toxicology (EOT) Seminar Series Health Canada, Ottawa 3 October 2001

Outline Experimental work in Ottawa, 1994 and 2000 The microenvironment database Selected results

Acknowledgements 1994 Lisa Graham Moin El Herraoui Dale Braun Lo Cheng Kinny Wong Arlene Whitmore Greg Rideout Fred Hendren Health Canada Air and Waste Issues Section Environment Canada MSED, Environmetal Technology Centre 2000 Lisa Graham Danny Wang Lianne Noseworthy Oznur Oguz Gultekin Akay Sandra Bayne Norm Meyer Mod Keetile Health Canada, TSRI Environment Canada ERMD Environmetal Technology Centre TUBITAK & METU

Objectives To establish a database of motor vehicle related toxic substance concentrations and PM 2.5 mass concentrations at nose-level along a busy downtown street in the two extremes of weather (Summer and Winter) in a typical Canadian city. To compare and correlate the short term (2 hour periods of peak traffic volume) ambient concentrations at nose-level with the regional air quality monitoring data of longer duration (24 hours) measured at other urban sites and in-vehicle concentrations on typical commuting trips. To determine the contribution of motor vehicle traffic to the measured toxic substance concentrations and fine particulate matter by comparisons with motor vehicle emission data.

Summary of experimental work 1994 Summer Roadside, 2 stations –2 hour sampling periods (7:30-9:30, 11:30-13:30,15:30-17:30) –6 L SUMMA canisters for VOCS (2 stations) –2,4 DNPH cartridges for carbonyl compounds (2 stations) –TSP mass, SOF, and trace metals (3 stations) –PAH on TSP and PUF cartridges (stations) 2000 Winter and Summer Roadside –2, 6, 24 hour roadside sampling periods –6 L SUMMA canisters for VOCs, Tenax cartridges for SVOCs –2,4 DNPH cartridges for carbonyl compounds –PM 2.5 mass, EC/OC, and trace metals Rooftop (limited) –VOC and SVOC Passenger car and transit bus (a.m and p.m. commuting trips) –1 L SUMMA canisters, DNPH cartridges

1994 Slater-1 and Slater-2 stations

1994 Slater-2 (background) station

1994 Nose-level sampling stations constructed at ETC for roadside measurement of VOC, TSP, and carbonyl compounds

Winter 2000, Slater Street Roadside station

Winter 2000 Nose-level sampling station constructed at ETC for roadside measurement of VOC, SVOC, PM2.5, and carbonyl compounds

Oznur Oguz taking roadside measurements in January 2000, Slater Street, Ottawa. Windchill: - 51 C ( - 60 F)

Evacuated 1 L Summa canister with flow controller and pressure gauge 1 L/min personal sampling pump and DNPH cartridge Used in car and bus

OMDB OTTAWA MICRO-ENVIRONMENT DATABASE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE RELATED AIR POLLUTANTS Data in Excel files: –Gas phase (VOC, SVOC, carbonyl compounds) –Particulate matter(TSP, PM2.5 mass concentrations, chemical analysis) –Weather and traffic Identified by: –Year, season, date, sampling station, sampling time Exploratory analysis (S-PLUS and Powerpoint files) Descriptive access through html and graphic files

Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Modelling Source 1 xi1 i=1,n Source 2 xi2 i=1,n Source 3 xi3 i=1,n Receptor yi i=1,n 1 2 3

Source Profiles

Modelled Species Profile * Fitting species ethylene * acetylene +ethane * propane * isobutane * isobutylene n-butane * 2m-butane * n-pentane * 2,3-dm-butane * 2m-pentane * 3m-pentane * m-cyclopentane* benzene * cyclohexane * iso-octane n-heptane * toluene * n-octane * e-benzene m&p-xylene n-nonane 1,2,4-tm-benzene

Winter 2000, PM2.5 concentrations

PM2.5 and TSP concentrations

2000 PM2.5 Elemental/Organic carbon

In-vehicle sampling program for VOC and carbonyl compounds 15 Winter days (January-February 2000) 15 Summer days (July-August 2000) 2 sampling periods, 8-9 A.M. and 4-5 P.M. Routes and vehicles: –Bus: min route along main “downtown” streets, different bus for different sessions –Car: commute along an arterial route that combines rural and urban settings. ~ 10 year old vehicles Nissan (Winter) and Aries (Summer)

Comparison of median concentrations in different microenvironments

Conclusion THE OTTAWA MICRO-ENVIRONMENT DATABASE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE RELATED AIR POLLUTANTS Available: A database of motor vehicle related toxic substance concentrations and PM 2.5 mass concentrations at nose-level along a busy downtown street and in commuter vehicles in the two extremes of weather (Summer and Winter) in a typical Canadian city. Comments, criticism, collaboration welcome at: