What are we made of?

TEKS & NGSS Science TEKS: Organisms and the environments. 7.14A – Define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation 7.14C – Recognize that inherited traits of individuals are governed in the genetic material found in the genes within chromosomes in the nucleus. Math TEKS: 7.1B – Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning. Convert between fractions, decimals, whole numbers, and percents mentally, on paper, or with a calculator 7.12A – Probability and statistics. Describe a set of data using mean, median, mode and range. NGSS: Disciplinary Core Ideas, LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits Cross Cutting Concepts, MS-LS3-2: Cause and Effect Science and Engineering Practices, MS-LS3-1: Develop and use a model to describe phenomena.

Check yes or no

Do you have the following traits?

Which traits do you have?

 Dominant or Recessive?  Why?

Genetics ________: passing characteristics from parent to offspring ________: branch of biology devoted to the study of heredity ______: segment of DNA or hereditary unit Heredity Genetics Genes

What we know now

Father of Genetics

Mendel’s Theory of Heredity 1. For every trait, there are_______copies of the gene (one from each parent) two

Mendel’s Theory of Heredity 2.There are alternative versions of genes (_________) alleles

Mendel’s Theory of Heredity 3. When two different alleles are present, one is expressed (__________) while the other is not visible (_________). dominant recessive

Mendel’s Theory of Heredity By looking at an individuals alleles, we can describe their __________________: genetic makeup __________________: what they look like Genotype Phenotype

Alleles can be Dominant or Recessive Dominant: always expresses itself ( capital letters are used to represent dominant alleles) Example: “B” Recessive: only expressed in absence of a dominant allele (lowercase letters are used to represent recessive alleles) Example: “b”

More terms If two alleles code for the same characteristic they are _______________ TT = _____________dominant tt = _____________ recessive If the alleles are different they are ______________ Tt =_____________ Let’s practice Homozygous heterozygous Heterozygous homozygous

Explore:

Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles in Creatures Triangle eyes are dominant Star eyes are recessive T Triangle eyes t Star eyes By looking at an individuals alleles, we can describe their Genotype: genetic makeup Phenotype: what they look like Genotype for Star eyes tt Genotype for Triangle eyes TT Tt Phenotype : Triangle eyesPhenotype: Star eyes

Head shapeRound (R) is dominant over Oval (r) Eye shapeTriangles (T) are dominant over Stars (t) Eye colorPurple (P) is dominant over Orange (p) # of eyesOne eye (E) is dominant over three eyes (e) Nose slitsThree nose slits (N) is dominant over two nose slits (n) HeightTall (H) is dominant over short (h) # of legs4 legs (L) are dominant over 5 legs(l) # of arms2 arms (A) are dominant over 4 arms (a) Skin colorRed (C) is dominant over green (c) HairinessHair (I) is dominant over hairless (i) Hair colorBlue hair (B) is dominant over yellow hair (b) Mouth shapeWide mouth (W) is dominant over narrow mouth (w) Fingers3 fingers per hand (F) is dominant over 7 fingers per hand (f)

Elaborate Obtain 2 allele cards for each trait (no peeking) Write down your genotypes on the My Creature handout Write down your phenotypes on the My Creature handout Draw your creature

Domino the Dominant AlienRene the Recessive Alien

Further Elaboration: Punnett Squares

Punnett Squares

Evaluate Name three recessive traits in this alien. What are the two possible genotypes for this alien’s number of fingers? This alien’s genotype for number of legs is Ll. If it married another alien with genotype Ll, what is the probability that their baby would have five legs? Express as a fraction and percent.

Math Extension Number as fraction Number as decimal Number as percent Oval head shape Star eye shape Orange eye color Three eyes Two nose slits Short height Five legs Four arms Green skin Hairless Yellow hair Narrow shape Seven fingers 1.What is the mean percent of recessive traits?_________ 2.What is the median percent of recessive traits?_______ 3. What is the range in percent of recessive traits?_______