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Vocabulary Punnett Squares Inheritance Problems Random 10 Point 20 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points 10 Point 20 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points Phenotypes and Genotypes

What is Genetics? 1.

1. The study of variation and heredity.

The stronger trait is the _________ trait, and the hidden trait is the __________ trait. 2.

2. dominant, recessive

What is the term for the inherited bits of information that are passsed from parent cells to offspring cells? 3.

3. Genes

What do we call it when an organisms genotype has two different alleles. 4.

4. Heterozygous

What is it called when an organism’s genotype has two of the same alleles? 5.

5. Homozygous

What information do you get from completing Punnett squares? (what do Punnett squares tell you?) 6.

6. The possible combinations of the offspring's alleles

Complete the following Punnett sqaure: 7. Ee E e

Ee e E EE Ee ee

What are the possible genotypes for the Punnett square below? 8. DD Dd dd

8. DD, Dd, and dd

If brown hair is dominant to blonde, What are the possible phenotypes in the Punnett square below? 9. BBBb

9. 4 brown

What is the ratio of dominant to recessive traits for the Punnett square below? 10. FFFf ff

10. 3:1

What is a phenotype? 11.

11. The physical appearance of a trait.

What is a genotype? 12.

12. The allele combination for a trait – the genes.

13. What are the possible genotypes for a pointed nose? CharacteristicDominant Gene Recessive Gene Eye shapeRound (R)Square (r) Body ColorBlue (B)Orange (b) NosePointed (P)Oval (p) Body shapeTriangle (T)Blob (t)

13. PP and Pp

14. What is the phenotype for the genotype tt? CharacteristicDominant Gene Recessive Gene Eye shapeRound (R)Square (r) Body ColorBlue (B)Orange (b) NosePointed (P)Oval (p) Body shapeTriangle (T)Blob (t)

14. Blob shape

15. What would the genotype of a parent be if they are homozygous for a blue body? CharacteristicDominant Gene Recessive Gene Eye shapeRound (R)Square (r) Body ColorBlue (B)Orange (b) NosePointed (P)Oval (p) Body shapeTriangle (T)Blob (t)

15. BB

16. Green eyes are dominant to blue eyes. What are the genotypes of two parents that are heterozygous for green eyes?

16. Gg

One parent plant = Tt Second parent plant = Tt (T = tall t = short) What is the chance that their offspring are tall plants? 17.

17. 75%

Straight hair is dominant to curly hair in dogs. Complete the Punnett square below that represents the breeding of a homozygous straight hair dog (SS) with a curly hair dog (ss) % of the offspring will have a genotype of _______ and a phenotype of _______ hair.

% of the offspring will have a genotype of Ss and a phenotype of straight hair.

Yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds in pea plants. Fill in the Punnett square and determine the expected genotypes from crossing homozygous recessive and homozygous dominant parents. 19. Genotypes __________ Phenotypes __________

19. Genotypes: Yy Phenotypes: Yellow

One tiger carries heterozygous, long-haired traits (Ll) and its mate carries homozygous short- haired traits (ll). Use a Punnett square to determine the probability that one of their cubs will have long hair. 20. Probability of long hair: ____

20. 50%

Who is the scientist that is known as the father of genetics? 21.

21. Mendel

Is the genotype CC heterozygous or homozygous? 22.

22. Homozygous

What type of organism did Mendel use for genetic studies and why? 23.

23. Pea plants - Because they had many offspring that matured (grew up) quickly. - Because they had many characteristics with two traits.

True of False: All traits that are more common are dominant. 24.

24. False

Briefly explain Mendel’s experiment and results. 25.

25. Mendel crossed a dominant trait plant with a recessive plant and found that all of their offspring showed the dominant trait. Then, when he self- pollinated the offspring from the first cross he found a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits.

Make your wager

Determine if the Monsters can be Icki’s parents.