Heart Disease

 Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women yet only 8% of American women realize it is a greater threat than cancer  A woman has a 50% chance of dying from her first heart event, compared with a 30% chance for a man  Of those who survive their first heart attack, 38% of women will die within a year, vs. 25% of men  46% of women are disabled by heart failure after a heart attack, compared with 22% of men  Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women yet only 8% of American women realize it is a greater threat than cancer  A woman has a 50% chance of dying from her first heart event, compared with a 30% chance for a man  Of those who survive their first heart attack, 38% of women will die within a year, vs. 25% of men  46% of women are disabled by heart failure after a heart attack, compared with 22% of men

Percentage breakdown of deaths from cardiovascular diseases (United States: 2006) * - Not a true underlying cause. Source: NCHS.

Heart Facts  43 million Americans have one or more forms of heart/blood vessel disease  1.5 million Americans will have a heart attack this year 550,000 will die each year  350,000 Americans die before they reach the hospital. Why? Because the average victim waits 3 hours before seeking help  43 million Americans have one or more forms of heart/blood vessel disease  1.5 million Americans will have a heart attack this year 550,000 will die each year  350,000 Americans die before they reach the hospital. Why? Because the average victim waits 3 hours before seeking help

Heart Facts  U.S. has the 2nd highest death rate from heart disease in the world (Finland is #1 because of a high fat diet & a high amount of alcohol consumption; Japan had a diet high in fish & veggies and has the lowest death rate in the world from heart disease)

Heart Facts  Heart disease is the #1 killer in the U.S. (over 1/2 of all deaths are from CVD’s. Heart disease beats out accidents, cancer, & pneumonia combined)

CVD disease mortality trends for males and females United States: ). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. CVD disease mortality trends for males and females (United States: ). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.

Atherosclerosis  Atherosclerosis is the major underlying condition of cardiovascular disease  Also known as “hardening of the arteries”  It is a degenerative disease that can narrow or block arteries to the brain, heart, kidneys & other parts of the body.  Atherosclerosis is the major underlying condition of cardiovascular disease  Also known as “hardening of the arteries”  It is a degenerative disease that can narrow or block arteries to the brain, heart, kidneys & other parts of the body.

Atherosclerosis  Artery linings become thick by deposits of fat, cholesterol, cellular debris & calcium

Process of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

Risk factors to heart disease  Major factors that cannot be changed: -heredity -sex (men higher) -race (blks higher) -age (higher w/age)  Major factors that cannot be changed: -heredity -sex (men higher) -race (blks higher) -age (higher w/age)

Risk factors to heart disease  Factors that can be changed -cigarette smoking -high blood pressure -blood cholesterol -physical inactivity  Factors that can be changed -cigarette smoking -high blood pressure -blood cholesterol -physical inactivity

Risk factors to heart disease  Contributing factors -obesity -lack of exercise -stress -diabetes  Contributing factors -obesity -lack of exercise -stress -diabetes

Prudent heart living  Prudent heart living is modifying or altering risk factors to minimize the risk of future heart disease 1)Weight control 2)Physical fitness/exercise/remember the heart is a muscle  Prudent heart living is modifying or altering risk factors to minimize the risk of future heart disease 1)Weight control 2)Physical fitness/exercise/remember the heart is a muscle

Prudent heart living 3)No smoking 4)Stress control 5)Control of blood pressure 6)Diabetic control,meds, diet 7)Sensible nutrition a) avoid foods high in cholesterol b) eat more fish & poultry 3)No smoking 4)Stress control 5)Control of blood pressure 6)Diabetic control,meds, diet 7)Sensible nutrition a) avoid foods high in cholesterol b) eat more fish & poultry

Prudent heart living c) cook with vegetable oils d) drink non-fat milk e) avoid fast foods f) reduce salt c) cook with vegetable oils d) drink non-fat milk e) avoid fast foods f) reduce salt

Signals of a heart attack (MI=myocardial infarction)  Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the chest lasting 2 minutes or longer  Pain may spread to shoulder, neck, or arms  Severe pain, dizziness, fainting, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath  Not all signals may be present  Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the chest lasting 2 minutes or longer  Pain may spread to shoulder, neck, or arms  Severe pain, dizziness, fainting, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath  Not all signals may be present

WHAT IS A STROKE?  Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.  Third leading cause of death in the US.  Responsible for 1 death in 15  About 500,000 new strokes annually  Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.  Third leading cause of death in the US.  Responsible for 1 death in 15  About 500,000 new strokes annually

Risk Factors  Increasing age  Male  Family history  Prior stroke  High blood pressure  Cigarette smoking  Diabetes  Carotid artery disease  Heart Disease  Mini strokes  High red blood cell count  Increasing age  Male  Family history  Prior stroke  High blood pressure  Cigarette smoking  Diabetes  Carotid artery disease  Heart Disease  Mini strokes  High red blood cell count

Other Factors  Socioeconomic factors  Excessive alcohol intake  Certain kinds of drug abuse  Socioeconomic factors  Excessive alcohol intake  Certain kinds of drug abuse

Signs of a Stroke  Sudden severe headache  Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes  Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body  Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding  Sudden dizziness, trouble walking, or loss of balance or coordination  Sudden severe headache  Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes  Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body  Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding  Sudden dizziness, trouble walking, or loss of balance or coordination

Kinds of Strokes  Cerebral embolism: Occurs when a clot travels through the bloodstream and lodges in the brain.  Cerebral Thrombosis: Occurs when a clot forms inside one of the arteries in the brain. Blood flow to parts of the brain is blocked.  Cerebral Hemorrhage: Occurs when an artery inside the brain bursts. This presents two problems. One, blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off. Two, accumulated blood from the burst artery causes pressure in the surrounding brain tissue.  Cerebral embolism: Occurs when a clot travels through the bloodstream and lodges in the brain.  Cerebral Thrombosis: Occurs when a clot forms inside one of the arteries in the brain. Blood flow to parts of the brain is blocked.  Cerebral Hemorrhage: Occurs when an artery inside the brain bursts. This presents two problems. One, blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off. Two, accumulated blood from the burst artery causes pressure in the surrounding brain tissue.

Kinds of Strokes Continued  Aneurysm: Is a blood filled pouch that balloons out from a weak spot in an artery wall. A stroke occurs when an aneurysm bursts in the brain.  Brain tumor can press on an artery and cut off circulation.  Aneurysm: Is a blood filled pouch that balloons out from a weak spot in an artery wall. A stroke occurs when an aneurysm bursts in the brain.  Brain tumor can press on an artery and cut off circulation.

STROKES  The Effects of Stroke If a stroke occurs blood flow can’t reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won’t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it’s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected. Because one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, a stroke affecting one side will result in neurological complications on the side of the body it affects.

STROKES  Right Brain If the stroke occurs in the brains right side, the left side of the body (and the RIGHT side of the face) will be affected, which could produce any or all of the following:  - Paralysis on the left side of the body  - Vision problems  - Quick inquisitive behavioral style  - Memory loss  Right Brain If the stroke occurs in the brains right side, the left side of the body (and the RIGHT side of the face) will be affected, which could produce any or all of the following:  - Paralysis on the left side of the body  - Vision problems  - Quick inquisitive behavioral style  - Memory loss

STROKES  Left Brain If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body (and the LEFT side of the face) will be affected, producing some or all of the following:  - Paralysis of the right side of the body -Speech/language problems  -Slow, cautious behavioral style  -Memory loss  Left Brain If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body (and the LEFT side of the face) will be affected, producing some or all of the following:  - Paralysis of the right side of the body -Speech/language problems  -Slow, cautious behavioral style  -Memory loss