1 The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems CHAPTER 0 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

2 Before you can drive the Robotic Car, you must pass your HW Code Test then your PDL.

3 OBJECTIVES Convert any number from base 2, base 10, or base 16 to either of the other two bases Add and subtract hex numbers Add binary numbers Represent any binary number in 2's complement Represent an alphanumeric string in ASCII code Describe logical operations AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR Use logic gates to diagram simple circuits Explain the difference between a bit, a nibble, a byte, and a word Give precise mathematical definitions of the terms kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and terabyte. Explain the difference between RAM and ROM and describe their use Describe the purpose of the major components of a computer system List the three types of buses found in computers and describe the purpose of each type of bus Describe the role of the CPU in computer systems List the major components of CPU and describe the purpose of each

4 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Binary logic Figure 0–2 Binary Signals

5 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Logic gates

6 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Logic design using gates Figure 0–3 Two Implementations of a Half-Adder

7 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Figure 0–4 Block Diagram of a Half-Adder

8 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Figure 0–5 Full-Adder Built from a Half-Adder

9 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Figure 0–6 3-Bit Adder Using 3 Full-Adders

10 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Figure 0–7 Address Decoders

11 SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER Figure 0–8 D Flip-Flops

12 SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER Some important terminology

13 SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER Internal organization of computers Figure 0–9 Inside the Computer

14 SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER More about the data bus

15 SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER More about the address bus Figure 0–10 Internal Organization of Computers

16 SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER Inside CPUs Figure 0–11 Internal Block Diagram of a CPU

17 SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER Internal working of computers

18 Next … Lecture Problems Textbook Chapter 0 – Answer as many questions as you can and submit via MeL before the end of the lecture. (HINT: Do the easy questions first) Proteus Exercise Textbook Chapter 0 – Do as much of the Proteus exercise as you can and submit via MeL before the end of the lecture.