chap1student Human Anatomy & Physiology I Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology 1-1 Instructor: Quinn V. Bui, DC, MPH, MS Semester: Fall, 2005 Credit: 4

chap1student Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology 1-2

chap1student Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy – ____________________ Physiology – __________________ Structure is always related to function 1-3

chap1student Levels of Organization Atom – ________ atom, lithium atom Molecule – water molecule, ______ molecule Macromolecule – protein molecule, _____ molecule Organelle – _____________, Golgi apparatus Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell Tissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – ______, femur Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system Organism - _________ 1-4

chap1student Levels of Organization 1-5

chap1student Characteristics of Life Movement – _______________ ; motion Responsiveness – _____________ a change Growth – increase in size Respiration – obtaining __________; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells 1-6

chap1student Characteristics of Life Absorption – passage of ____________ through membranes and into body fluids Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids Assimilation – changing of _________________ into different substances Excretion – removal of wastes Digestion – breakdown of food substances 1-7

chap1student Requirements of Organisms Water - ______________ substance in body - required for _______________ processes - required for transport - regulates ___________________ Food - supply energy - supply raw materials 1-8

chap1student Requirements of Organisms Oxygen - ___________________ - used to release energy from nutrients Heat - _________________ - partly controls rate of metabolic reactions Pressure - ___________________ – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps ___________flowing 1-9

chap1student Homeostasis Body’s maintenance of a stable ____________________ Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes Receptors - ____________________ Control center - tells what a particular value should be Effectors - ________________________ change internal environment 1-10

chap1student Homeostatic Mechanisms 1-11

chap1student Body Cavities 1-12

chap1student Serous Membranes Thoracic Membranes _________ pleura ________pericardium Parietal pericardium Visceral layer – ____________________ Parietal layer – __________________________ Abdominopelvic Membranes Visceral peritoneum _____________________ 1-13

chap1student Serous Membranes 1-14

chap1student Organ Systems 1-15

chap1student Organ Systems 1-16

chap1student Organ Systems 1-17

chap1student Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position – body ______________, facing _________, upper limbs at the sides, __________ forward Terms of Relative Position ________________________ Anterior versus Posterior ___________________ Ipsilateral versus Contralateral Proximal versus Distal Superficial versus Deep 1-18

chap1student Body Sections Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median Transverse / Cross Coronal or Frontal Oblique 1-19

chap1student Abdominal Subdivisions 1-20

chap1student Body Regions 1-21

chap1student Clinical Application Medical Imaging 1-22 Noninvasive procedures Provide images of ____________________ structures Magnetic Resonance Imaging Requires ______________ Produces computerized ____________, _________, and __________ sections of area being studied ________________ Use of high- frequency sound waves Relatively _____ and inexpensive