MALÈ DECLARATION ON CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION AND ITS LIKELY TRANSBOUNDARY EFFECTS FORSOUTH ASIA By R.N.R.Jayaratne Senior Environmental Officer Air, Noise, Vibration Monitoring and Male Declaration Unit Central Environmental Authority

Outline of the Presentation Institutional Arrangement Ongoing Activities Measures under taken to control emissions of air pollution in Sri Lanka Plan for Next 3 years Suggestions for improvement and /or changes of the male’ Declaration

Members of Advisory Committee Mr. W.R.M.S.Wikramasinghe Ad Sec,MENR Dr.B.M.S.Batagoda, DG (Special Project), Ministry of Finance Mr. Anura Jayathilake Director (EEGA), MENR Mrs. C.Panditharatne AD (Pollution Control) MENR Mr. S.M.Werahara AD (EEGA), MENR Mr. Ananda Wijesooriya DG, DWLC Mr.Pasan Guanasena DG,CEA Dr. W.L. Sumathipala, Director, National Ozone Unit, MENR

Continued… Mr. C.K.Amaratunga Director Labotory,CEA Mr. R.N.R.Jayaratne, SEO, CEA Prof. O.A.Ileperuma,University of Peradeniya Mr. A.W.Dissanayake Assistant Commissioner Dept. of Motor Traffic. Dr. B.R.S.B.Basnayake, Dept. of Meteorology Mr. Y.M.S.S.B.Yalegama, Consultant, SLIDA Mr.Clarence Perera, Head, Environmental Division, NBRO Dr. R.L.Wijayamuni Medical Officer C.M.C.

1.Institutional Arrangement

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (National Focal Point) CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY (National Implementing Agency) ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH DEPARMENT OF ARCHEOLOGY DEPARMENT OF METEOROLOGY UNIVERSITIES NGOs MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS

2.Ongoing Activities

Ongoing Activities Under Malé Declaration Phase II CEA started monitoring of Sulphure Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide at the selected monitoring site at Dutuwewa, Galenbindunuwewa in August 2003 and Wet Deposition monitoring started in the latter part of November Sulphure Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide monitoring using passive samplers is carried out monthly and wet deposition monitoring is carried out weekly.

1 2 SOUTH- WEST (MAY-SEP) NORTH-EAST (DEC- FEB) SITE 1- GALENBINDUNUWEWA Dutuwewa SITE 2- HORTAN PLAINS

PM 10 SAMPLING PM 10 sampling at the site is not carried out because of Non availability of a suitable power supply

Monitoring of SO 2 & NO 2 using Passive Sampling

DIFFUSIVE SAMPLE RESULTS FOR SO 2 & NO 2

DIFFUSIVE SAMPLE RESULTS FOR SO 2,NO 2 & O 3

Wet Deposition Volume (Wet Only)

Wet Deposition Volume (Bulk)

Wet Deposition pH (Wet Only)

Wet Deposition pH (Bulk)

Conductivity (wet only) Conductivity (Bulk)

Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Quality at Dutuwewa was monitored using Automated Monitoring Equipment also from 22nd July 2004 to 29th July 2004 (During the South West Monsoon) and from 23nd Jan to 30th Jan (During the North East Monsoon).

Ambient air Quality Monitoring at Dutuwewa During the south west monsoon (July 2004)

Ambient air Quality Monitoring at Dutuwewa During the North East monsoon(January 2005)

Comparison between two monsoons

Problems Encountered ; Non durability of plastic material of the lid and the funnel holder of the wet only collector and funnel of bulk collector in Sri Lanka’s climatic condition, mainly due to hot sunshine, the material became brittle. Need spare lids at least one for every 06 months However it has managed with a local plastic plate

Crop Impact Assessment –Initial steps have been taken to start Bio Monitoring using two clover genotypes –MOU was prepared and will be signed this week with Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya to start this assessment. –It will be started from mid October Corrosion study already started

3.Measures under taken to control emissions of air pollutants in Sri Lanka

Measures to control emissions of air pollutants in Sri Lanka Enforcement of Vehicle Emission Standards –Vehicle Emission Standards, Fuel Standards, and Emission Standards for Importation of vehicles has been gazetted in 2003 (GE. No 1295/11 dated 30/06/2003) Improvement of Fuel Standards – Use of unleaded gasoline from done – Reduction of Sulfur content in diesel from PPM to 5000 PPM by done – Reduction of Sulfur content in diesel from 5000 PPM to 3000 PPM by done – Reduction of Sulfur content in diesel from 3000 PPM to 500 PPM by to be done by 2008

Implementation of Vehicle Emission Standards through the Vehicle Emission Testing (VET) Programme. –This is scheduled to be implemented by the Commissioner of Motor Traffic and –vehicle emission testing centres will be established soon in Sri Lanka. On going activities –Steps are being taken to legalize source emission standards –Steps are being taken to review existing ambient air quality standards incorporating PM-10,and PM-2.5 –Also the government has banned import of two strokes three wheelers in the country with the effect from Measures under taken to control emissions of air pollutants in Sri Lanka cont…

4. Proposed activities for next 3 years

Due to following facts, Our monitoring site will be shifted more suitable location as soon as possible Unsteady power supply at the selected site Unsteady power supply at the selected site PM 10 Sampling cannot be done PM 10 Sampling cannot be done Bordering conflict prevailing area Bordering conflict prevailing area Possible attack by wild elephants and Possible Possible attack by wild elephants and Possible attack by conflicting partiesdue to prevailing war attack by conflicting parties due to prevailing war situation situation 1.Monitoring Activities

Existing Site Dutuwewa

Proposed Site Doramadalawa

Proposed activities for next 3 years cont… 10 Hectares land going to be acquired for male monitoring site at Doramadalawa (Dr. Sagar Dhara of monitoring committee has already inspected the site) Start dry deposition monitoring (PM 10) parallel to wet deposition monitoring Immediately after relocation of monitoring site from Dutuwewa to Doramadalawa

Passive sampling at the selected second site (Horton plains) with wet deposition and dry deposition monitoring (PM10) Expand Corrosion studies to several locations to represent a country average( at least Kandy,Doramadalawa and Hortan Plane) Conduct epidemiological, ecological and economic impact studies: SIM Air Proposed activities for next 3 years cont…

If possible pollution monitoring station in Jaffna /Mannar Capacity building and technical enhancement on Modeling, Trend Analysis and source Identification etc. Inclusion of relevant Male Declaration activities in to the National Air Quality Management Action plan 2015.

Proposed activities for next 3 years cont… Preparation of emission inventory for the country and develop it to compile sectoral and provincial basis We are interested to apply in Rapid Urban Assessment (RUA) at least major cities in Sri Lanka (Priority Colombo and Kandy) Plan to include awareness on air pollution and male Decleration through school awareness programme already conducting by Central Environmental Authority Plan to disseminate leaflets, posters etc to aware general public as well as school children under malė declaration

5.Suggestions for improvement and /or changes of the male’ Declaration

Suggestions for improvement and /or changes of the male’ Declaration Inclusion of Transboundary Radiation monitoring in to the Programme Explore the possibility of including Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) into the Declaration Conduct High level Ministerial Meeting on Male Declaration to increase commitment Explore the possibility of merging relevant SAARC Environment and Forestry activities in to Male Declaration activities

Ozone passive sampling Passive sampling at the selected second site (Horton plains) Starting of dry deposition monitoring (PM10) Corrosion study – One or more locations Any other activity as agreed in this meeting depending on the availability of funding