Some Activities in Crisis Management The RUNES and U-2010 Projects Peter T. Kirstein, UCL

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China2 RUNES 2006 and U-2010 The EC IST Framework Programme (FP) has many themes. Three are: –Research Infrastructure –Embedded Sensors –Crisis Management 6NET and other talks in this session from research infrastructures –FP5 and FP6 had strong IPv6 track –6NET FP RUNES is in embedded sensors track –RUNES FP U-2010 is in Crisis management track –U-2010 FP

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China3 The RUNES Project The project aims and objectives –Technology development for embedded networked Sensors The work-packages –Architecture, sensors, networks, control, middleware, sensor networks, demonstrations Could have chosen many targets for project, but chose one on “fire in a tunnel” Mainly IPv4, though some IPv6 near the end Is same as one of the targets in U-2010 –Partners are different, but allows technology of RUNES to be exploited in U-2010 –Allows much more extensive components to be introduced into U-2010

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China4 The U-2010 Project The project aims and objectives –Crisis management in different in different scenarios –Scenarios mountain rescue, bird flu, “fire in a tunnel”, nuclear emergency Will concentrate on IPv6, though some interworking with legacy IPv4 services One application same as RUNES –Partners are different, will use some RUNES technology, but additional gateways –Much more emphasis on variety of networks

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China5 Emergency in a road tunnel

R econfigurable U biquitous N etworked E mbedded S ystems RUNES To provide a standardised architecture that enables the creation of large-scale, widely- distributed, heterogeneous networked embedded systems that inter-operate and adapt to their environments

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China7 RUNES Partners Industrial Academic Non-profit research institutes

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China8 RUNES R econfigurable U biquitous N etworked E mbedded S ystems To provide a standardised architecture enabling the creation of large-scale, widely-distributed, heterogeneous networked embedded systems that inter-operate and adapt to their environment Mainly IPv4 based through 2005/2006 –IPv6 capability added in 2007 to some –Although only some demonstrated, almost all will move over simply to IPv6

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China9 A network of embedded devices Tunnel wall –Sensor devices –Multi-radio routing devices Tunnel opening –Multi-radio routing gateways Vehicles –devices –Sensor devices –Multi-radio routing devices Emergency Services –Sensor devices –PDAs –Multi-radio routing Tmote Sky Sensor Device connectBlue multi-radio gateway Lippert multi-radio gateway

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China10 A lightweight solution Platforms –Contiki Operating System - using lightweight stackless threads –FreeRTOS - open source, mini Real Time Kernel –DENX Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK) –Communication protocol stack –µIP, µAODV –Compatible with existing protocol stacks Middleware kernel –Component model and associated API

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China11 Middleware architecture Application/Middleware Components Middleware Kernel API Platform-specific Kernel Implem. Platform-specific Kernel Impl. Platform-specific Kernel Implem. ContikiFreeRTOS Gateway device Linux Gateway device Component-based Middleware Hardware and RF Sensor device Environment

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China12 The RUNES middleware Component Model Design –Defines components as basic run-time units –Enables components to be instantiated at run-time –Functionality provided by components through interfaces –Dependancies expressed through receptacles –Receptacle/Interface binding made with connector components Component Run-time Kernel Implementations –Java, C/Unix, C/Contiki

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China13 Middleware components Data acquisition –Measurement component Obtain environmental readings on sensor devices –Data dissemination –Notification component Disseminate sensor readings to control centre –Publish-Subscribe infrastructure Component to disseminate sensor readings through broadcast Mechanism to enable broadcast sensor readings to be shared

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China14 Application of the middleware

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China15 Network-Level Reconfiguration µIP and µAODV for ad hoc networks Overcome transience, damage and loss –Must auto-configure Routing reconfiguration –Re-route data around broken sensor devices

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China16 Extracting information Environmental conditions –Temperature –Humidity –Visibility Data dissemination Reporting conditions to control centre

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China17 Communicating to co-ordinate rescue efforts Publish relevant data to emergency services Share and propagate data among firefighters

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China18 IST 2006

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China19 IPv6 6LoWPAN –IPv6 over Low-powered Wireless Personal Area Networks Network protocol stack-level implementation Middleware is agnostic –Pass data down to Operating System for transmission

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China20 Summary A component-based middleware architecture Addresses fundamental challenges through –Lightweight platform and protocol implementations –Dynamically reconfigurable middleware architecture Incorporates capabilities to –Cope with the failure of devices and communication links –Reconfigure automatically to deal with a changing environment –Discover available resources and communication paths

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China21 Tunnel Local Control Room Remote “Control Rooms” Firemen Control Centre Static wireless sensor network –Sensors part of the tunnel fixed infrastructure –Collect humidity, light, temperature readings and send back to Tunnel Control Room –Via fixed gateway in tunnel Dynamic wireless sensors network –Fire fighters have motes attached to uniform –Fire fighters deploy more motes upon arrival –Via gateway on a mobile van Tunnel infrastructure – Reqs.

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China22 IPv6 in the RUNES Final Demo 6LoWPAN – MTU=125 bytes, IPv6 min MTU=1280 bytes => Fragment & Reassemble, Compress Headers NEMO –WSN attached to firemen moves with them in tunnel, van equipped with g/w => need to change point of network attachment => sensor network is now mobile Auto-configuration –New motes fired up => need IPv6 addresses –Many WSN in tunnel => which PAN coordinator? –Some motes may fail => re-route

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China23 RUNES IPv6 Final Demo Internet eth2 Control Station eth0 Tunnel Gateway wpan1 2001:630:13:1 06:: :630:13:1 06::10 wpan0 runeslocal.net lowpan1 (Mobile) Wireless Sensor Network 1 Control Station Remote Cont Room Wireless Sensor Network 2 wpan 2 lowpan2 RUNES LocaL Control Room

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China24 Network-Level Reconfiguration µIP and µAODV Overcome transience, damage and loss Routing reconfiguration –Re-route data around broken sensor devices

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China25 Current Status RUNES Completed and Demonstrated –Full IPv4 Testbed with tunnel and many sensors –Important IPv6-sensitive components shown IPv6 Components demonstrated –Cross-development environment set-up –WPAN driver IPv6 enabled –NEMO “ported” to gateway Some further work to be done –Auto-configuration: stateless, dynamic –“6-to-4 adaptation” layer or tunnelling over v4 for failure scenario?

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China26 The U-2010 Project Integrated EC-project 3 years duration €6.5 Mio Budget - €4M EC Contribution Start May Partners –including major players in the IP business –The governments of Luxembourg and Slovenia participate to support the emergency service trials

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China27 u Key Data Industry Players Government Best-in Class Research

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China28 U-2010 Motivation – A Study Current comms equipment of security and rescue services does not match up to the requirements Absence of protected and confidential comms does not allow for a silent mobilisation –use of public GSM phones provides the only possibility of a minimum of confidentiality Public communications are the only alternative –To reach the complete government structure –To connect to subscribers of public networks –BUT: Lack of government owned capacity The crisis scenarios required confidential and redundant communication services

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China29 Project Vision To provide the most capable communication tools To provide the most effective access to information… …to all required to swiftly act in case of accident, incident, catastrophe or crisis …whilst using existing and/or future (tele) communication infrastructures Trial and validation activities will show the application of the results in real life crisis scenarios Results of u-2010 as showcase for other Countries Base all on IPv6 – with IPv4 only for interworking with legacy systems

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China30 Goals of the Project u-2010 Enhance the availability of the collection of services by use of all existing networks Leverage redundant communication channels Use of automatic redirection and/or transformation of communications in case of network failures Use of new research results in the area of wireless ad hoc networks and IPv6. Use of existing technology and networks Create solutions that are as universal as possible

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China31 Tunnel Fire Scenario CITA Network Internet SES Satellite dish Inclined Orbit Satellite Internet Tunnel Fire Vehicle mobile router Video Stream GSM/G PRS UMTS WiMax WiFi IP/CITA GW Video Stream

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China32 Mountain Rescue Scenario Satellite Internet Headquarters Wireless terrestrial Search Teams mobile router Rescue Vehicle Wireless terrestrial WLAN

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China33 Principal U-2010 Components Are configuring many available components –Cisco MARS G/w –ASTRA2Connect Mobile Satellite Earth Station –Most RUNES Components –Video system in real tunnel –Video cameras –Emergency Personal Vests Are interfacing parts to interwork –Often need extra programmable components to run adaptation middleware Are ensuring most can be IPv6-enabled –Or can work via IPv4 G/w

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China34 Cisco Mobile Access Router

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China35 Examples of MARS Uses

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China36 Astra Emergency Terminal

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China37 RUNES Components + Additions In U-2010 will connect Lippert G/w to CISCO mobile access router (MARS) –MARS will connect to other WAN devices Will add audio and video sub-systems VIC, RAT –Can operate over IPv6 with and without multicast –Can be modified to operate without a GUI into same environment in embedded form –May be added to either G/w for camera over U2010, or low frame rate over sensor network

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China38 Nokia-Siemens Study of IMS

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China39 Interconnections Achieved ASTRA terminal intended to interface to PC –Has been interfaced to Cisco MARS LIPPERT RUNES G/w was controlled by PC –Now being interfaced to Cisco MARS

28 August, 2007RUNES and U-2010, APAN-24, Xian, China40 Conclusions RUNES project showed how complex IPv4 applications can be put together for the emergency environment –That real advantages accrue from IPv6 in mobility, reconfiguration and security –Move to IPv6 fairly straightforward U-2010 is tackling a much more complex situation –Is starting by ensuring most components can be IPv6- enabled or can interwork with legacy systems Involves real customers in several governments Should point the way to important deployments