The Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of the lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs

Out with the bad air; in with the good Your body needs a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from the foods you eat.Your body needs a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from the foods you eat. The air you breathe is a mixture of several gases, one of these gases is oxygenThe air you breathe is a mixture of several gases, one of these gases is oxygen When you breathe, your body takes in air and absorbs the oxygenWhen you breathe, your body takes in air and absorbs the oxygen Then carbon dioxide from your body is added to the air, and the stale air is exhaled.Then carbon dioxide from your body is added to the air, and the stale air is exhaled.

Respiration Respiration is the entire process by which a body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and waterRespiration is the entire process by which a body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water Respiration is divided into two parts:Respiration is divided into two parts: –Breathing, which involves inhaling and exhaling –Cellular respiration, which involves the chemical reactions that release energy from food

1 - nasal cavity 2 - pharynx (throat) 3 - (blue) alveoli or air sacs 4 - (yellow) bronchioles 5 - (pink) lung 6 - (red) diaphragm 7 - nostril 8 - (orange) larynx or voice box 9 - (green) trachea 10 - (light green) bronchus1 - nasal cavity 2 - pharynx (throat) 3 - (blue) alveoli or air sacs 4 - (yellow) bronchioles 5 - (pink) lung 6 - (red) diaphragm 7 - nostril 8 - (orange) larynx or voice box 9 - (green) trachea 10 - (light green) bronchus

Parts of the Respiratory System NoseNose –Your nose is the primary passageway into and out of the respiratory system. –Air is inhaled through the nose, where it comes into contact with warm, moist surfaces –Air can also enter and leave through the mouth

PharynxPharynx –From the nose, air flows into the pharynx or throat –In addition to air, food and drink also travel through the pharynx on the way to the stomach –The pharynx branches into two tubes One tube leads to the stomach and is called the esophagusOne tube leads to the stomach and is called the esophagus The other tube leads to the lungs and is called the larynxThe other tube leads to the lungs and is called the larynx

LarynxLarynx –The larynx, or voice box, contain the vocal cords. –The vocal cords are a pair of elastic bands that are stretched across the opening of the larynx –When air flows between the vocal cords, they vibrate and make sound.

TracheaTrachea –The larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea, or windpipe. –The trachea is the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs. BronchiBronchi –The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi. –One bronchus goes to each lung and branches into thousands of tiny tubes called bronchioles.

A close-up of the air sacs, which are located at the ends of the bronchioles. Each "air sac" is comprised of a cluster of alveoli. The red structures represent blood vessels leading to & from the air sacs.

LungsLungs –Your body has two large sponge-like lungs. –In the lungs, each bronchiole branches to form thousands of tiny sacs called alveoli. –Capillaries surround each alveolus.

The wall of an alveolus is only one cell thick. This allows gases to diffuse into & out of the alveoli.The wall of an alveolus is only one cell thick. This allows gases to diffuse into & out of the alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged between the lungs & the blood. Oxygen in the alveolus can diffuse into the bloodstream (& be transported throughout the body) and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream can enter the alveoli (& then be exhaled).The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged between the lungs & the blood. Oxygen in the alveolus can diffuse into the bloodstream (& be transported throughout the body) and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream can enter the alveoli (& then be exhaled).

How Do You Breathe? When you breathe, air is sucked in or forced out of your lungsWhen you breathe, air is sucked in or forced out of your lungs Breathing is done by rib muscles and the diaphragm, a dome- shaped muscle underneath the lungsBreathing is done by rib muscles and the diaphragm, a dome- shaped muscle underneath the lungs When the diaphragm contracts and moves down, it increases the chest cavity’s volumeWhen the diaphragm contracts and moves down, it increases the chest cavity’s volume At the same time, some of your rib muscles contract and lift your rib cage, causing it to expandAt the same time, some of your rib muscles contract and lift your rib cage, causing it to expand

Oxygen diffuses inside cells, where it is used in cellular respirationOxygen diffuses inside cells, where it is used in cellular respiration During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to release energy stored in molecules of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and carbon dioxide and waterDuring cellular respiration, oxygen is used to release energy stored in molecules of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and carbon dioxide and water The carbon dioxide and water leave the cell and return to the bloodstreamThe carbon dioxide and water leave the cell and return to the bloodstream The carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs and exhaledThe carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs and exhaled

Respiratory Disorders There are many types of respiratory disorders, including:There are many types of respiratory disorders, including: AsthmaAsthma BronchitisBronchitis PneumoniaPneumonia emphysemaemphysema

In asthma, irritants cause tissue around the bronchioles to constrict and secrete large amounts of mucus.In asthma, irritants cause tissue around the bronchioles to constrict and secrete large amounts of mucus. As the bronchiole tubes get narrower, the person has difficulty breathingAs the bronchiole tubes get narrower, the person has difficulty breathing

Bronchitis can develop when something irritates the lining of the bronchiolesBronchitis can develop when something irritates the lining of the bronchioles Pneumonia is caused by bacteria or viruses that grow inside the bronchioles and alveoli and cause them to become inflamed and filled with fluidPneumonia is caused by bacteria or viruses that grow inside the bronchioles and alveoli and cause them to become inflamed and filled with fluid If the alveoli are filled with too much fluid, the person may suffocate.If the alveoli are filled with too much fluid, the person may suffocate.

The Hazards of Smoking Smoking is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and lung diseases, such as emphysema and lung cancer.Smoking is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and lung diseases, such as emphysema and lung cancer. People with emphysema have trouble getting the oxygen they need because their lung tissue erodes away.People with emphysema have trouble getting the oxygen they need because their lung tissue erodes away.