Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis. Overview Major Atoms Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds Water, non-covalent force in water Four major families of small molecules.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 2.  A compound is a substance that is made of two or more joined elements  Organic compounds contain carbon atoms(along with other elements)
Advertisements

Organic Chemistry Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen
1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M Sugars M Fatty Acids M Amino Acids M Nucleotides.
1 Molecular basis of life (1). 2 Chemical basis of molecular interactions Polar and nonpolar molecules Water Universal solvent O-H bonds are polarized.
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Carbon Compounds Section 2.3.
Biochemistry Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Chemical Reactions
Biochemistry.
Basic Biochemistry The Chemical Context of Life. Hierarchy of Biological Order.
The chemistry of cells: an overview Restricted to a subset of known elements, dominated by the chemistry of carbon… Reactions occur over a narrow range.
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water Section 2.3 Structure of Water  Held together by covalent bonds  2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O.
The Chemistry of Microbiology Chapter 02 Revised
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Microbiology- a clinical approach by Anthony Strelkauskas et al Chapter 2: : Fundamental chemistry for microbiology.
Review of Biological Chemistry. Biologically Important Elements.
Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Organic compounds Carbon compounds
Biochemistry Chapter 3.
Foundations in Microbiology Sixth Edition
Chapter 2: Chemical Components of Life Living cells are not composed of atoms found only in them. But their compositions do differ from the non-living.
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life.
CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY
Table 2.1 Chemical Bonds and Interactions. In-Text Art, Ch. 2, p. 19.
Macromolecules and Water Living Organisms Elements – Atomic Structure Nucleus – Chemical Activity – Chemical Bonds Ionic – Covalent – Hydrogen – Van der.
What our bodies are made of Chemistry of Cells. Nature of Matter All matter is made of atoms. Atoms consist of electrons, protons and neutrons. Molecules.
Biochemistry Concept 1: Analyzing and the chemistry of life (Ch 2, 3, 4, 5) Let’s go back a few steps…
Biochemistry. Carbon Helped contribute to the great diversity of life due to it’s ability to form large complex molecules All compounds are either: –Organic.
Carbon Compounds. Functional Groups -CH 3 -OH -NH 2 -PO 3.
MACROMOLECULES. The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids.
Objectives What are the chemicals of life made from? What is the role of carbohydrates in cells? What do lipids do? What determines the function of proteins?
CH. 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY MRS. BARNES. MATTER Matter is anything that takes up space. Elements are the natural form of matter. They are composed of atoms;
Chapter 2 Review. Atomic Structure Protons Neutrons Electrons.
CHAPTERS 2 & 3 BIOCHEMISTRY. CHEMISTRY! EXAMPLES OF ELEMENTS C = ___________________ O = ___________________ H = ___________________ N = ___________________.
Macromolecules. Most Macromolecules are Made of Many Units There are 4 macromolecules of life There are 4 macromolecules of life Carbohydrates, Proteins,
CHAPTER 2 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE ATOMS, MOLECULES, WATER AND MACROMOLECULES.
Chemistry of Life. How small is an atom?  Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 centimeter long About the width of your.
Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis. Chemical Components of A Cell Major Atoms Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds Four major families of small molecules Sugar, fatty.
Chemistry of Life Chapter 2. Why chemistry? Remember atoms?
Lecture 6 Acids and Bases & Organic Chemistry Ozgur Unal
The Chemistry of Microbiology
Chapter Opener 2.
Chemistry in Biology Section 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Chemical principles Chapter 2.
The Chemistry of the Cell
Chap. 2 Debra Owens.
Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis
Building Blocks of Life
Four classes of organic compounds: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
2–3 Carbon Compounds Photo Credit: © John Conrad/CORBIS
Biochemistry Carbon => life.
The Chemistry of Life v Elements and the Periodic Table
Biochemistry Molecules of Life..
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Chapter 2 Chemical Principles.
The Chemical Level of Organization
The Chemical Level of Organization
Macromolecules and Water
Chemistry of Life Chapter 2.
MACROMOLECULES.
Chemistry Basics Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass
Macromolecules.
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Macromolecules.
Chemistry of Life.
Chapter 3 Biological Molecules
Basic Chemistry.
Presentation transcript:

Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis

Overview Major Atoms Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds Water, non-covalent force in water Four major families of small molecules Sugar, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides Three macromolecule families: polysaccharide, protein, nucleic acid Non covalent bonds determine molecular shape and interactions

The Chemical Components of A Cell Basic Element: Atom, protons, Neutrons, Electrons Atomic Weight, Molecular Weight Avgadro’s number (6x10 23 molecules), Mole (1 mole= 6x10 23 molecules), Molar solution (1M=1mole/liter) Electron shells (2,8,8,18,18)

Carbon and Hydrogen

Chemical Elements for Live Organisms H, C, O, and N make up 96.5% weight of a living organism

The Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds Bond length and bond strength Covalent bonds: Single bond, double bond, polar bond Van der waals force

Covalent Bond and Ionic Bond Ionic bond: electron transfer Covalent bond: electron sharing

Sodium Chloride: ionic bond formation

The geometry of covalent bonds

Important Energy Levels

The Van der Waals forces

The Water Environment 70% of cell is water Hydrogen bond Hydrophilic and hydrophobic Acid and base Proton and hydroxyl Non-covalent interactions in water: Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der waals attractions, hydrophobic force

Acid Donate a proton Base Absorb a proton or donate OH - NH3+H2O->NH4 + +OH - NaOH->Na + +OH -

Ionic bonds in Water

Hydrogen bond Polar interaction: a elecgtropositive hydrogen is shared by two neighboring electornegative atoms

Molecular Interaction in solution 1. H-bond (hydrogen bond), 2. Ionic bond, 3. Van der Waals 4. Hydrophobic “force”

Four Major Families of Small Organic Molecules Sugars-> polysaccharides Fatty acids -> fats, lipids, membranes Amino acids -> proteins Nucleotides -> nucleic acids

Four Major Small Organic Molecules

Sugar [(CH2O)n, carbohydrates] Glucose

Disaccharide Condensation and hydrolysis

Fatty Acids

Phospholipid (amphipathic)

Amino Acid

Amino Acid and pH values

Peptides and proteins

ATP (ribonucleotide adenosine triphosphate) Nucleotides

Nucleotides and DNA, RNA DNA: deoxyribonucleic acids A(adenine) G(guanine) T(thymine) C (cytosine) RNA: ribonucleic acids A G U(Uracil) C

Macromolecules

Three families of macromolecules

The assembly of macromolecules

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.