Dr Nabil Fahed Vice Chairman Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture of Beirut and Mount Lebanon March 26, 2013

The legislative role of the state Three main categories of legislation and regulatory intervention that affect entrepreneurs and markets: 1) laws and regulations that impact the economy as a whole, the structure of the business sectors, and the pace of its growth and development; 2) legislation that directly affects the business environment 3) regulatory action that seeks to meet demands of interest groups.

CSR in the context of Pro-Business & Civil Society Lobbying The Welfare of the citizens The Balance in the Economy The Interests of the Business Community Value System Impact Analysis Economic Analysis based on moral considerations not only objective elements

Global competitiveness Index 2012 out of 144 countries / World Economic Forum Soundness of Banks12 Ease of Access to Loans37 Intellectual Property Protection124 Wastefulness of Government Spending127 Judicial Independence 131 Bribes 132 Government Services for Businesses137 Quality of Infrastructure141 Public Trust in Politicians 142 Quality of Electricity Supply144

IFC Survey: Ease of Doing Business 2012 Lebanon’s Overall Rank 95

The legislative role of the state Lebanon’s legislators and policymakers should be drawing on a long tradition of efficiently managing a free enterprise economy. Our policymakers should have developed a vision as well as the appropriate legislation that would have placed the post- conflict economy back on a path of growth and prosperity.

The legislative role of the state Yet, what the business sector is currently enduring is a three- pronged jeopardy: 1. our economy has become inordinately dependent on capital transfer for its wellbeing. 1. legislative lethargy thwarted the modernization of laws and regulations and undermined efforts to integrate the economy within the emerging global trade and investment order. 1. the fiscal drag has rendered fiscal policy quasi ineffective.

The legislative role of the state Reform and Corruption Business legislation based on:  the sanctity of private ownership of personal and business assets,  the freedom of movement of capital  non-intervention in the interplay of market forces, were never questioned Legislators and policymakers should have capitalized on these principles to create a business environment that should have acted as a much stronger magnet to FDI. The business sector bears the high cost of dealing with the public administration combined with a reluctance to reduce red tape, political opposition to reform, and corruption.

The legislative role of the state Role of Impact Analysis State’s response to the pressure and lobbying of interest groups’ demands and balancing the costs and benefits of any legislation it contemplates to enact in response to these demands. The net impact of a policy decision on collective welfare can only be assessed by the universally adopted approach of Impact Analysis. How many of our laws and regulations were subjected to the rigor of an impact analysis to determine whether their net result will advance or set back communal welfare? The Beirut Chamber’s Research Center applied the method of regulatory impact analysis to a regulation imposed on the food processing industry. The analysis was conducted less than a year ago, and to our knowledge it was the first, and so far the only such study.

The legislative role of the state Communal Welfare Meeting indiscriminately all the demands of pressure groups that constitute society is neither the proper role of statesmanship nor is it feasible in practice Different groups have conflicting interests and aspirations. Good governance, therefore, requires granting various interest groups the dose of concessions that would generate the highest level of societal welfare. That exercise in optimization is never easy. Suffice it for lawmakers to strive to reach the highest realizable level of communal welfare.

RANKINGS AND DATA IFC SURVEY 2012

 Ease of doing business (rank): 95 Starting a business (rank): 114 Procedures (number): 5 Time (days): 9 Cost (% of income per capita): 67 Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 35.2 Doing Business in Lebanon (2012)

Dealing with construction permits(rank): 172 Procedures (number): 19 Time (days): 219 Cost (% of income per capita): Getting electricity (rank): 47 Procedures (number): 5 Time (days): 75 Cost (% of income per capita): 99.5 Doing Business in Lebanon (2012)

Registering property (rank): 108 Procedures (number): 8 Time (days): 25 Cost (% of property value): 5.8 Getting credit (rank): 104 Strength of legal rights index (0 -10): 3 Depth of credit information index (0 - 6): 5 Public registry coverage (% of adults): 18.6 Private bureau coverage (% of adults): 0.0 Doing Business in Lebanon (2012)

Protecting investors (rank): 100 Extent of disclosure index (0 - 10): 9 Extent of director liability index (0 - 10): 1 Ease of shareholder suits index (0 - 10): 5 Strength of investor protection index (0 - 10): 5 Paying taxes (rank): 37 Payments (number per year): 19 Time (hours per year): 180 Doing Business in Lebanon (2012)

Trading across borders (rank): 95 Documents to export (number): 5 Time to export (days): 22 Cost to export (US$ per container): 1,080 Documents to import (number): 7 Time for import (days): 30 Cost to import(US$ per container): 1,365 Doing Business in Lebanon (2012)

Enforcing contracts (rank): 121 Procedures (number): 37 Time (days): 721 Cost (% of claim): 30.8 Resolving insolvency (rank): 131 Time (years): 4.0 Cost (% of estate): 22 Outcome (0 as piecemeal sale and 1 as going concern): 0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar): 20.9 Doing Business in Lebanon (2012)