Tools Hand Tools Power Tools Shop Equipment Measurement

Tools Use of shop tools is a Privilege not a right Student are responsible for all tools Tools MUST be cleaned and returned in the same condition they were checked out

ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Hand Tools ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES

Hand Tools Wrenches Several types Open end wrench Boxed end wrench Combination wrench Line wrench Adjustable wrench (crescent or monkey) Pipe wrench Allen wrench Ratcheting wrench Ratchet and Sockets

Wrench Precautions Always use proper type, size, and length NEVER hammer on a wrench Use longer wrench Use a Slug wrench Always check the condition of the wrench before use

Wrench Measurement Conventional vs. Metric Unit of measurement: Fractions of an inch Examples: 1/16”, 1/8, ¼,” ½”, 1”, 1½”, Metric Unit of Measurement: Millimeters Examples: 7mm,10mm, 21mm, 32mm

Most Common Wrench All available in Conventional or Metric Open End all sides have an opening Boxed End All sides a closed Combination Has both an open and a boxed end

Line Wrenches Used specifically for Line Nuts: Any tubes on a vehicle that carry fluid or gas are referred to as lines Fuel lines, brakes line, Transmission lines, Coolant lines

Allen Wrenches Uses: Allen Bolts Allen Bolts= Hexagon Shaped Hole Sizes: Both Conventional & Standard Types: 90 degree Folding Set T-Handle

Adjustable vs. Pipe Wrench Adjustable/ Crescent Wrench (Monkey) Used by Auto Techs. Should only be used when proper size is unavailable Uses adjustment nut to widen or narrow mouth Pipe Wrench Used by plumbers Should only be used on pipes Uses adjustment nut to widen or narrow mouth

Sockets And Handles Socket= attachments used in conjunction with various types of handles to adapt to size variations and space limitations. Handle types Ratchet Speed Handle Breaker Bar Torque Wrench T handles Nut Driver

Sockets Sockets Points Points refer to # of sides # of sides allows for ease of rotation in limited space and for specialty heads with various # of sides Common # of points 4 6 8 12 Made to fit various types and Drive sizes of handles Most common handle sizes ¼” drive 3/8” drive ½” drive ¾” drive 1” drive

Handles Ratchets Speed Handles Have ratcheting mechanism inside head to increase speed and ease of removal and installation of nuts and bolts Also have a switch to change direction Speed Handles Shaped like old cartoon drills Has a free spinning knob that allows for speedy rotation Require 2 hands 1 hand hold end 1 hand turns crank

Handles Breaker Bar Torque Wrench Handle without ratchet mech. Used to free extremely tight nuts and bolts that would cause the ratchet mech. to break Torque Wrench Handle w/ or w/out ratchet mech. Used to tighten nuts and bolt to a specific amount of pressure measured in Foot pound Inch pound Kilograms of Force Newton meters Not used for removal

Handles T-Handle Nut Driver Similar to screwdriver Driver handle w/ sockets of various sizes attached to other end

Adapters Extensions Universal Joints Attachment used to add space between handle and socket Allow access to recessed bolt hole Universal Joints Used to access hard to reach angles Has joint that allows extension to pivot up to 90o

Screwdrivers Purpose: only to drive screws- not a pry bar or chisel Types- Standard Philips Pozidriv Clutch Scrulox (square) Torx Impact driver Scratch Awl- not a screw driver Used for marking

Screwdrivers Standard Phillips Blade type tip Several sizes Insure proper fit Phillips X type tip Several sizes Insure proper fit

Screwdrivers Pozidriv Torx Similar to Phillips Tip is not angled Tip has wedged for tighter fit Only 4 size #1,2,3,4 Torx Star shaped tip Several size T-8 through T-60 are most common

Screwdriver Clutch Scrulox (square)

Screwdrivers Impact Driver Other The only screw driver you will ever be allowed to strike with a hammer Used to remove extremely tight screws Has several attachment in each of the other type of drivers Other Starting Screwdriver Used to hold screws Offset Used to get into angled locations Stubby Used in tight areas

Screwdriver Safety

Pliers Type Slip Joint Channel Locks Needle Nose Diagonal Cutting Pliers (Dykes) Vise Grips Snap Ring Electrical

Pliers Slip Joint Channel Locks Most common type Adjust to 2 different size Channel Locks Capable of opening very wide Adjust to several different sizes Gives most leverage

Pliers Diagonal Cutters Needle nose Commonly referred to as dykes Used as a cutting tool for wire Also used as a pier to grab items that might slip out of a typical pliers Needle nose Long slender tip for tight space Also help to grip small piece

Pliers Electrical Pliers Snap Ring Pliers Usually a combo of wire cutters, strippers, and crimpers Should be insulated to prevent shock Snap Ring Pliers Used for removing and installing snap rings

Pliers Vise Grips Locking pliers Variety of types and sizes All are adjustable to grab on tight to the item

Hammers Types Ball Peen Sledge Brass Plastic/rawhide Rubber Mallet Dead Blow Lead Copper Claw Specialty Hammers

Hammers Ball-peen Claw 2 sided hammer Round anvil used for body type work Flat anvil used for general purpose hammering Several sizes and weights Claw Not an automotive hammer Should not be used Flat anvil side used for hammering Claw side used to remove nails

Hammers Sledge Hammer Soft Metal Hammers Large and heavy Used to free frozen parts Will cause severe damage to delicate parts Several sizes and weights Soft Metal Hammers Brass, copper, lead Used to avoid scarring or damage to surface Head deforms and takes damage instead of part

hammers Plastic/rawhide Rubber Mallet Usually double sided 1 side = plastic 1 side = rawhide Light and soft Used on delicate part to avoid breakage Rubber Mallet Solid rubber head Bounces off solid material Used on sheet metal, plastic, and moldings or wheel covers

Hammers Dead Blow Specialty Hammers Plastic coated Filled with lead shot: tiny metal balls Weight of lead shot prevents rebound Coating protects against damage to parts Specialty Hammers Wide variety of hammer used for metal working, body work, and welding applications

Hammer Safety Always use correct size and type of hammer Always check condition of head and handle Check for mushrooming of head Insure handle is secured to head Always be careful and keep eyes of work to avoid injury

Chisels & Punches Punches- several purpose Types Center punch Start punch/Drift Pin punch Aligning punch Chisels- used to remove damaged or badly rusted nuts & bolts Types Rivet buster Diamond point Round nose cape Cape flat

Punches Center Punch Aligning punch Used to mark center of hole before drilling Characteristics Sharp point Aligning punch Inserted into predrilled holes Used to line up pin holes Characteristics Long, thin, and little taper

Punches Starter Punch/ Drift Pin Punch Used to partially drive out pins, shafts, and metal rods from holes Characteristics Thick and heavily tapered Pin Punch Finishing Punch Used to drive pins, & shafts out after drift has been used

Punches & Chisels General Rules & Safety tips Use largest size possible Keep both ends ground & sharp Chisel- cutting edge should be sharp & square Center punch- should have sharp point Start & drift- should be flat & square Check for mushrooming of head Dangerous & should be ground off Grinding should be slow to prevent overheating Chisel turns blue= overheating: result in softness

Files Used to remove burrs, nicks, and sharp edges to smooth material Types Coarse: for soft material Fine: for smoother finished surface & harder materials

File Safety Never use without handle Only apply pressure on forward stroke Hold with 2 hands 1 on handle & 1 on tip Hold firm Apply light, even pressure File slowly= 1 stroke per second Clean file with wire brush Never hammer on use as a pry bar Files are brittle and break easily sending small part flying like shrapnel

Holding Devices Used to hold work to prevent movement Types Vise- used to hold parts during cutting, drilling, hammering and pressing Precautions Don’t over tighten Keep parts clean & oiled Cover jaw when clamping smooth, machined material and parts Clamps- hold work to surface such as tables & benches

Miscellaneous Hand Tools Saws Flash lights Drop light Pry bars Tap & dies Scraper Fuse puller Inspection mirror Battery post cleaner Battery terminal pliers Magnetic pickup Claw type pickup Wire brush