COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Mads Bergendorff UIC Environmental Advisor Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths Rail today is 3-10 times more energy efficient than road transport Further improvement potential 20-50% due to optimising of load and traffic management Electric train operation is already 100% compatible with Renewable Energy sources e.g. hydro power

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Rail today is the most energy efficient long-haul freight transport Rail freight is strong in North America, Russia, India, China, and Australia Rail freight is weak in Latin America, Europe and Africa Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (1)

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Australian Example: CO2 Emission reductions in the railways Through a voluntary CO2 reduction program, Queensland Rail (QR) reduced its baseline scenario with 486,000 tons of CO2 equivalents from 1998/99 to 2002/3 while increasing its production. Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (2)

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (3) Northern American rail freight in the lead In the US and Canada more than 40% of freight tonnage is rail-based Since 1980, the rail freight operators increased production with 62% and at the same time increased energy efficiency with 71%! Rail fuel savings equals to 375,000 households' petrol use for their car.

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Rail today is the most energy efficient form of passenger transport - but depending on use cases Passenger Rail is strong in Europe, Japan, Russia, India, and China. Passenger rail is weak in North and South America, Africa and Australia Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (4)

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Example: German Railways (DB AG) initiated the project “Energie Sparen” saved 10% energy from 2002 to 2003 by educating drivers to drive more energy efficient Savings 8 M€ per year! DB AG reduced specific CO 2 emissions 25% between 1990 to 2003 as part of an agreement with the German government due to the Kyoto commitment. Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (5) Change in long-distance traffic [kWh/km] %

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC click on “External Effects of Transport” Costs of climate change from transport is only one part of the mobility equation: Accidents Local air pollution Noise Urban effects Nature and landscape

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Average external costs: Passenger (EU15 year 2000)

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Average external costs: Freight (EU15 year 2000)

COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004 UNFCCC Conclusions Sustainable transport systems are needed in order to curb the GHG Emissions and achieve the Kyoto Protocol Modal shift towards railways and public transport would benefit society and environment serving the developing countries’ need for economic growth A level playing field reflecting true costs of transport for all modes Need for substantiate new rail infrastructure investments within the next years starting now! True integration of planning, trade, transport and environment policies