Research in the line of Higher Education Commission (HEC) Index Servicing Dr. Ayub Mehar Director General The Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI) Karachi: Jinnah University for Women March 28 th, 2009

Modeling the Economic Development – R&D Activities & Higher Education

Share of Knowledge-based Products in Global Trade TYPE OF COMMODITYTwenty years ago Now High Technology11%22% Medium Technology22%32% Low Technology21%18% Resource Based11% Other Primary Goods34%13% Miscellaneous1%4%

Innovation’s Phases WavePeriodInventions First Wave Water Power; Textiles; Iron Second Wave Steam Rail, Steel. Third Wave Electricity, Chemicals, Internal combustion Engine Fourth Wave Petrochemicals, Electronics, Aviation Fifth Wave Digital Networks, Software,New Media.

Research Environment Entrance Requirement Economy Size & Structure Political Security, Efficiency & Influences Corporate Ethics, Accountability & Management Structure Investment Financial Resources (Savings) Quality of Faculty and Students Higher Education & Training Innovations and Knowledge Creation Corporate & Political Governances Technological Readiness Business Sophistication Business Competitiveness Links Between Corporate & Political Governances, Higher Education and Business Competitiveness (Simultaneity in the Model)

Economic Development and Knowledge Based Activities CountryGDP ($bill.) Exports ($ billion) Expenditures for R & D (% of GDP) Researchers in R & D per million people Scientific & Technical Journals Articles Royalties Received ($ Million) Egypt , France Germany India Israel Japan Malaysia Pakistan Turkey United King United Stat

Share of Knowledge-based Products in Global Trade Knowledge-based technology has the largest share in world trade basket. Scientific development is an outcome of the knowledge-creating activities in the universities. This scientific development produces innovations, inventions and technological advancements. If a country wants to achieve the higher growth targets, it will have to create the links between academic institutions, industrial units, and economic planning. Innovation is the final output of academic research. The most important step in creating a research and innovation environment is to promote higher education and research activities in academia.

Modeling the Economic Development Economic growth is considered as the blackest of the many black boxes in economics. However, the common ingredient for the higher growth is the innovations and new technology. In fact, the sources of competitive strength are never constant for long. The sustainability in knowledge creating activities leads the economic development through inventions and technological advancement. America's success has been sustained because of the harmonization between academia, industrial management and macro economic policy making.

Transformation of Knowledge into Economic Profits Economic growth, technological advancement, scientific development, knowledge creating activities and academic research are jointly determined factors. The academic research is ultimately transformed into economic growth. If we want to achieve the higher growth targets, we will to develop the linkages between the academic institutions, industrial units and economic planning. The dependency of economic development on academic research, innovations and technological advancement has multi dimensional linkages and inter- dependency between the availability of fiscal resources and accelerated marketable technological advancement.

Transformation of Knowledge into Economic Profits (Cont..) Average return on successful innovations was 56 % as compared to the 7 % average return on normal business activities all over the world during the last 30 years. (Ref: Stanford University) The creation and utilization of knowledge is the key element to promote the technological advancement and as well economic development. First, the ideas are submitted in the universities, where scientists, researchers, or economists test and verify the originality and usefulness of those ideas. Out of 300 submitted ideas, one hundred are converted only into small projects at the research institutes of the universities and only eight ideas are reached at the stage of large projects. The industrialists and large business organizations provide funds for research for those projects to get the research outcomes for commercialization. (Ref: Economic Intelligence Unit, London)

Final Equation of the Knowledge Based- Growth Model To accelerate the economic growth and to develop the meaningful relations with the industry, university faculties have to find the new technologies. They have to create new ideas; they have to formulate new theories and procedures. All of those are the parts and elements of the knowledge creating activities.

Pakistan was one the 162 countries which contributed less than 2 percent of the research papers in total (0.08 percent). Japan was in the fourth rank and India was 22nd. The deterioration in economics and technology is a natural consequence of this phenomenon. Missing Links in Pakistani Scenario Cont..

Academia in Pakistan has failed to develop linkages with the industry and there is no sign of creativity of knowledge to develop the industrial and trade activities. One can find at least three missing links in the system of higher education in Pakistan: 1. First missing link can be observed between the strategy for promotion of research culture and the curriculum. The policy for the development of academic research and the system of examinations work in opposite directions. The system emphasizes the memorization of texts and mechanical use of the concepts and formulas. This problem was created because of the stereotype lectures and the extensive use of the study guides and short notes. Cont..

2.The second missing link is the disconnection of research degrees with knowledge creation. The system checks only the ritual requirements. It cannot verify the objectivity, originality and acceptability of research work. Such degrees will increase the number of PhD degree holders only. They cannot create knowledge for economic development. 3.Third missing link is between the academic research and economic development. To convert the knowledge into economic development, universities lead (do not follow) the industry. It is a notable difference between the role of higher education and vocational education that higher education institutions lead the industries because they work for future. They innovate, invent and develop the new products, process and systems with the help of new ideas and knowledge advancement. While, vocational education supplies the workers and qualified professionals for the existing system.

Pakistan’s Competitiveness in the World (Ranking) CountryTechnology Index Public Institutions Index Global Competitive ness Index Higher education and training Business Competitive Index Pakistan China India Korea Malaysia Thailand Brazil Turkey Finland33112 USA121251

Dissemination of Research

From Ideas to Marketing STAGEACTIVITYQUANTUM OF ACTIVITIES 1 st StepUnwritten Raw Ideas nd StepIdeas Submitted for Publications rd StepSmall projects100 4 th StepLarge Developments8 5 th StepMajor Developments4 6 th StepLaunches2 7 th StepSuccess1

DISSEMINATION PROCESS Sources of Information for Required Topics : Newspapers, Magazines & Industry/Trade Journal Observations / Data Sources Text Books (For previous Knowledge, techniques & methods Academic / Referred Journals (original / primary & applied research) Professional Journals Abstract Journals (e.g. JEL, ECONLIT) Citation Indexes (e.g. ISI, REPEC ) Impact Factor, Ranking of the Institutions

COUNTRY INDICATORS S.No.CountryDocuments Citable Documents CitesSelf-Cites Cites per Doc. H index 1United States172,662165,016877,765467, United Kingdom60,69157,808251,408109, Canada22,34321,63297,97325, Australia17,13916,62361,03117, Germany15,40614,93944,98412, Netherlands10,95410,66350,53913, France10,44910,14625,9886, China6,4446,3938,7864, Japan6,0855,99115,4604, Spain5,6395,56716,1294, India4,5604,4157,1142, Pakistan Retrieved from: SCImago Research Group, Copyright Data Source: Scopus®

ABSTRACTS AND CITATIONS ISI THOMSON REPEC/IDEAS SOCIAL SCIENCES ABSTRACTS CABBEL

ONLINE LIBRARIES JSTOR GDNET INOMICS OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS

List Ranking methods by IDEAS S.No. Ranking Methods 1 NbWorks : Number of Works 2 DNbWorks : Number of Distinct Works 3 ScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor 4 WScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor 5 ANbWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors 6 AScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors 7 AWScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors 8 NbCites : Number of Citations 9 DCites : Number of Citations, Discounted by Citation Age 10 ScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor 11 DScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor, Discounted by Citation Age 12 WScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor 13 WDScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor, Discounted by Citation Age 14 ANbCite s: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors 15 ADCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors, Discounted by Citation Age 16 AScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors Cont…..

S.No. Ranking Methods 17 ADScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors, Discounted by Citation Age 18 AWScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors 19 AWDScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors, Discounted by Citation Age 20 HIndex : h, where author has written h papers that have each been cited at least h times 21 NCAuthors : Number of Registered Citing Authors 22 RCAuthors : Number of Registered Citing Authors, Weighted by Rank (Max. 1 per Author) 23 NbPages : Number of Journal Pages 24 ScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor 25 WScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor 26 ANbPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors 27 AScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors 28 AWScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors 29 AbsViews : Number of Abstract Views in RePEc Services over the past 12 months 30 Downloads : Number of Downloads through RePEc Serices over the past 12 months 31 AAbsViews : Number of Abstract Views in RePEc Services over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors 32 ADownloads : Number of Downloads through RePEc Serices over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors List Ranking methods by IDEAS

Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS Cont….. Rank Country or State Score Nb Works DNb Works Sc Works WSc Works ANb Works ASc Works AWSc Works Nb Cites D Cites Sc Cites 1 Massachusetts (United States) United Kingdom California (United States) New York (United States) Illinois (United States) Germany District of Columbia (United States) Canada France Italy India Pakistan

Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS Cont….. Country or State DSc Cites WSc Cites WDSc Cites ANb Cites AD Cites ASc Cites ADSc Cites AWSc Cites AWDSc Cites H Index Inca thors RCAu thors Massachusetts (United States) United Kingdom California (United States) New York (United States) Illinois (United States) Germany District of Columbia (United States) Canada France Italy India Pakistan

Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS Country or State Nb Pages Sc Pages WSc Pages ANb Pages ASc Pages AWSc Pages Abs Views Down loads AAbs Views ADown loads Massachusetts (United States) United Kingdom California (United States) New York (United States) Illinois (United States) Germany District of Columbia (United States) Canada France Italy India Pakistan

Research Output from Pakistan S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 Universities 1 Quaid-e-AzamUniversity University of Karachi Aga Khan University University of Agriculture, Faisalabad University of The Punjab Govt. College University COMSATS Institute of Information Technology University of Sargodha University of Sind, Jamshoro University of Peshawar Bahauddin Zakariya University National University of Science & Technology University of Arid Agriculture University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore DOW University of Health Sciences GIK Institute of Engineering Science & Technology University of Baluchistan Islamia University NWFP Agricultural University Lahore University of Management Sciences Cont…

Research Output from Pakistan S. No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Gomal University Ziauddin Medical University King Edward Medical University Kohat University of Science & Technology Baqai Medical University International Islamic University Lahore College for Women University Sindh Agriculture University University of Science & Technology, Bannu Hazara University NONE University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila University of Health Sciences Allama Iqbal Open University ISRA University Shah Abdul Latif University Foundation University Khyber Medical University Cont…

S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In Fatima Jinnah Women University National Textile University NED University of Engineering & Technology NWFP University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences University of Malakand Hamdard University Islamia College University, Peshawar Air University Mehran University of Engineering & Technology NONE Jinnah University for Women Bahria University NONE National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST) Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology Cont… Research Output from Pakistan

S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In University of Lahore Riphah International University NONE Forman Christian College University NONE University of Education Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences NONE Gandhara University NONE IQRA University NONE Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences NONE Beacon house National University NONE Institute of Business Administration, Karachi NONE Karakoram International University NONE Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University NONE University of Management & Technology NONE 01 Cont…

S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 Other Institutions 1 Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology Pakistan Council for Scientific & Industrial Research National Agriculture Research Center Pakistan Institute of Engineering &Applied Sciences Nuclear Institute of Agriculture & Biology, Faisalabad National Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Combined Military Hospital Pakistan Institute of Medical Science Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health National Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology Pakistan Agriculture Research Council Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences NONE Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Shifa College of Medicine Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Liaquat National Hospital Karachi Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture, Peshawar Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar Research Output from Pakistan Cont…

Research Output from Pakistan Cont… S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In Allama Iqbal Medical College Civil Hospital Karachi Institute of Molecular Sciences & Bioinformatics Army Medical College Shamim Feed Industries, Bahawalpur Pakistan Museum of Natural History Fauji Foundation Hospital Sheikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute NONE Khyber Teaching Hospital Military Hospital,Rawalpindi Pakistan Medical Research Council Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Center Geological Survey of Pakistan Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation Lahore Medical & Dental College Fatima Jinnah Medical College Rawalpindi Medical College National Institute of Health Mayo Hospital, Lahore 08 07

Research Output from Pakistan Cont… S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In Shalamar Hospital Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Karachi Medical & Dental College Rawalpindi General Hospital Holy Family Hospital NONE Govt. Degree College for Science & Commerce, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi NONE Central Cotton Research Institute, Faisalabad Jinnah Hospital Lahore National Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi Punjab Institute of Cardiology Institute of Nuclear MedicineandOncology,Lahore Pakistan Institute of Community Opthalmology, Peshawar National Institute for Child Health Lahore General Hospital NONE Armed Forces Institute of Rehab. Medicine NONE SUPARCO Institute of Space Technology NONE Chandka Medical College NONE Nishtar Medical College NONE Punjab Medical College NONE 04

Research Output from Pakistan Cont… S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In Lyari General Hospital NONE College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan NONE Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore NONE Adamjee Govt.Science College, Karachi Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering FederalGovt.PostGraduateCollegeH-8,Islamabad Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Sexual Health Institute Pakistan, Lahore Wah Medical College NONE POF Hospital NONE Services Hospital. Lahore Institute of Psychiatry NONE Lahore Institute of Research & Development NONE Govt. Postgraduate Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif, Swat NONE Bahawal Victoria Hospital NONE 03

Research Output from Pakistan S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi NONE Allied Hospital, Faisalabad NONE Bolan Medical College Dawood College of Engineering & Technology National College of Arts NONE National College of Business Administration & Economics NONE Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbotabad NONE Armed Forces Institute of Urology NONE Ayza Skin & Research Center, Lalamusa NONE AZM Hospital, Sargodha NONE Institute of Business & Technology BIZTEK NONE Kinnaird College for Women NONE Bannu Medical College NONE 01