1 Chapter 7 ~~~~~ ReadingAssessment

2 Early Literacy Assessment Oral Language Oral Language Assess receptive and expressive vocabulary Assess receptive and expressive vocabulary Assess the ability to use and understand complex sentence structure and correct grammatical form Assess the ability to use and understand complex sentence structure and correct grammatical form Phonological Awareness Phonological Awareness Assess understanding of phonemic segmentation by identifying the number of phonemes in a word Assess understanding of phonemic segmentation by identifying the number of phonemes in a word Assess phonemic awareness—demonstrated by the ability to add, move, or delete any designated phoneme and regenerate a word from the result Assess phonemic awareness—demonstrated by the ability to add, move, or delete any designated phoneme and regenerate a word from the result

3 Early Literacy Assessment – cont. Print Awareness/Concepts about Print Print Awareness/Concepts about Print Assesses concepts of letter, word, picture, sound Assesses concepts of letter, word, picture, sound Assesses how letters make words, words make sentences Assesses how letters make words, words make sentences Assesses use of positional words Assesses use of positional words Assesses how print is arranged on a page; use of text features Assesses how print is arranged on a page; use of text features Knowledge of the Alphabet Knowledge of the Alphabet Assesses understanding of phonemic segmentation Assesses understanding of phonemic segmentation Assesses development of phonemic awareness Assesses development of phonemic awareness

4 PHONETIC ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT PHONETIC ANALYSIS PHONETIC ANALYSIS Assesses sound-symbol system of English; sound recognition and sound blending Assesses sound-symbol system of English; sound recognition and sound blending STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Assesses decoding by subdividing words into meaningful parts or units and word blending Assesses decoding by subdividing words into meaningful parts or units and word blending Assesses specific structural analysis subskills Assesses specific structural analysis subskills

5 Vocabulary Assessment WORD MEANING WORD MEANING Assesses word knowledge, ability to classify words. Assesses word knowledge, ability to classify words. Assess word knowledge to determine vocabulary relationships, pronoun referents, root words, affixes, descriptive words. Assess word knowledge to determine vocabulary relationships, pronoun referents, root words, affixes, descriptive words. WORD RECOGNITION WORD RECOGNITION Assesses use of letter sequences to form words. Assesses use of letter sequences to form words. Assesses word pronunciation without hesitation or use of word analysis (phonetic or structural). Assesses word pronunciation without hesitation or use of word analysis (phonetic or structural). ORAL READING ORAL READING Assesses ability to read orally with expression, attending to punctuation, and using context clues. Assesses ability to read orally with expression, attending to punctuation, and using context clues.

6 Reading Fluency Assessment Assesses the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and without any analysis. Assesses the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and without any analysis. Fluency is the bridge from word recognition to reading comprehension. Fluency is the bridge from word recognition to reading comprehension. Reading rate is a good indication of fluency. Reading rate is a good indication of fluency. Fluency is the development of speed after accuracy is assured. Fluency is the development of speed after accuracy is assured. Rate increases gradually as proficiency develops which means that we can measure rate over time and evaluate improvement in rate as progress. Rate increases gradually as proficiency develops which means that we can measure rate over time and evaluate improvement in rate as progress.

7 Reading Comprehension Assessment Assesses the ability to understand, remember, communicate what has been read Assesses the ability to understand, remember, communicate what has been read making connections at the literal, interpretative and application levels making connections at the literal, interpretative and application levels understanding literary elements, text patterns, text organizations, and author's purpose understanding literary elements, text patterns, text organizations, and author's purpose Assesses the levels of comprehension: Assesses the levels of comprehension: understanding facts: recognizing/recalling facts, main idea understanding facts: recognizing/recalling facts, main idea reorganizing: classifying, categorizing, and summarizing reorganizing: classifying, categorizing, and summarizing inferring: interpreting and predicting inferring: interpreting and predicting evaluating: judging (e.g., reality, appropriateness) evaluating: judging (e.g., reality, appropriateness) criticizing: questioning, identifying feelings, expressing opinions criticizing: questioning, identifying feelings, expressing opinions

8 Components of Reading Comprehension Memory Memory short-term memory short-term memory working memory working memory Prior Knowledge Prior Knowledge knowledge of topic based on previous reading or direct experience knowledge of topic based on previous reading or direct experience Interest Interest determines whether students will read, remain motivated, maintain attention determines whether students will read, remain motivated, maintain attention

9 Types of Comprehension Explicit Comprehension Explicit Comprehension ability to grasp reading matter at a literal or factual level ability to grasp reading matter at a literal or factual level Implicit Comprehension Implicit Comprehension ability to interpret or infer information, draw conclusions and generalizations, predict outcomes, summarize, understand cause-and-effect and compare-and-contrast relationships, locate the implied main idea, sense author’s mood/purpose ability to interpret or infer information, draw conclusions and generalizations, predict outcomes, summarize, understand cause-and-effect and compare-and-contrast relationships, locate the implied main idea, sense author’s mood/purpose Critical Comprehension Critical Comprehension ability to “read between the lines,” to judge and evaluate printed text (most abstract level). ability to “read between the lines,” to judge and evaluate printed text (most abstract level).