Abraham Lincoln Presiding over The House Divided

Lincoln & Hamlin

Political Cartoons

Republican Wide Awakes: Mass political rallies

Outcome of 1860 election

Secession! R.B. Rhett Im a Fire-eater.

Jefferson Davis – Confederacy President We ask no conquest, no aggrandizement Constitution based on Articles of Confederation Protection of slavery No internal improvement funds All we ask is to be let alone

April, Union Surrender Ft. Sumter

The pragmatic Mr. Lincoln

Lincoln on popularity "If I were to try to read, much less answer, all the attacks made on me, this shop might as well be closed for any other business. I do the very best I know how - the very best I can; and I mean to keep doing so until the end. If the end brings me out all right, what's said against me won't amount to anything. If the end brings me out wrong, ten angels swearing I was right would make no difference."

Making War Aggressive military response to the south as opposed to economic sanctions and blockade

Keeping the Upper South Military occupation Maryland West Virginia separates Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware

Authoritarian Suspended writ of habeas corpus Imprisoned Confederate sympathizers Military occupation of upper south Sent troops to put down the draft rioters

Big National Government Raise tariffs National banking system Internal improvements (transcontinental RR) Homestead Act of acres of public land in the west to heads of families (improve it for 5 years)

Socialist? A few men own capital, and with that avoid labor themselves, and, with their capital, hire or buy another few to labor for them. Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.

Passive abolitionist "Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves; and, under a just God, can not long retain it."

Emancipation Proclamation "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free;

E.P. frees slaves in rebellious states

Frederick Douglass

Blacks in the Union Army 54 th Regiment Massachusetts

Women of the War Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

Prisoners Dix-Hill Cartel – prisoner exchange (equal rank) – no need of prison camps Confederates refuse to trade Black prisoners (treated as runaway slaves) Within a year, prisoner exchange breaks down and prisoner of war camps are built.

Southern Prisons - Andersonville

Belle Isle

Castle Thunder (for spies, traitors)

Northern prisons – Rock Island

Fort Delaware

Ft. Jefferson (Key West)

Total War

William Tecumseh Sherman – Total War

Paying for the War North Increasing tariffs, direct taxes on business corps., inheritance, income Treasury Bond sales National Banking acts forced state banks to purchase T-Bonds South Lacked powerful central govt. Taxed urban middle- class/nonslaveholding farmers Borrowing Unbacked paper money

Election of 1864 George McClellan, Peace Democrats Lincoln, National Union Party

Lincoln vs. McClellan