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Types of Aqueous Solutions Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions Types of Aqueous Solutions Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions Water’s Solvent Properties Electrolytic Properties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/chemistry?campaign_content=book_187_section_45&campaign_term=Chemistry&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions Electrolytes are salts or molecules that ionize completely in solution. As a result, electrolyte solutions readily conduct electricity. Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate into ions in solution; nonelectrolyte solutions do not, therefore, conduct electricity. Gatorade as an electrolyte solution View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/aqueous-reactions-4/types-of-aqueous-solutions-45/electrolyte-and-nonelectrolyte-solutions-235-1024?campaign_content=book_187_section_45&campaign_term=Chemistry&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless
Water’s Solvent Properties Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions Water’s Solvent Properties Water dissociates salts by separating the cations and anions and forming new interactions between the water and ions. Water dissolves many biomolecules, because they are polar and therefore hydrophilic. Dissociation of NaCl in water View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/aqueous-reactions-4/types-of-aqueous-solutions-45/water-s-solvent-properties-236-11418?campaign_content=book_187_section_45&campaign_term=Chemistry&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless
Electrolytic Properties Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions Electrolytic Properties When an electrical current passes through a solution (often of electrolytes), a cation or neutral molecule gets reduced at the cathode, and an anion or neutral molecule gets oxidized at the anode. To determine which species in solution will be oxidized and which reduced, a table of standard reduction potentials can identify the most thermodynamically viable option. In practice, electrolysis of pure water can create hydrogen gas. Hydroquinone View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/aqueous-reactions-4/types-of-aqueous-solutions-45/electrolytic-properties-237-6586?campaign_content=book_187_section_45&campaign_term=Chemistry&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless
Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Aqueous Reactions Key terms dissociation The process by which a compound or complex body breaks up into simpler constituents such as atoms or ions, usually reversibly. electrode the terminal through which electric current passes between metallic and nonmetallic parts of an electric circuit; in electrolysis, the cathode and anode are placed in the solution separately. electrolyte A substance that dissociates into ions when in solution. electron the subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity. hydration shell The term given to a solvation shell (a structure composed of a chemical that acts as a solvent and surrounds a solute species) with a water solvent; also referred to as a hydration sphere. nonelectrolyte A substance that does not dissociate into ions when in solution. salt An ionic compound composed of cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic attraction. solute Any substance that is dissolved in a liquid solvent to create a solution. solution A homogeneous mixture, which may be a liquid, gas, or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Dissociation of NaCl in water Aqueous Reactions Dissociation of NaCl in water When table salt (NaCl) is mixed in water, spheres of hydration form around the ions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Connexions. "Print." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44392/latest/Figure_02_02_03.jpg View on Boundless.com
Standard electrode potentials table Aqueous Reactions Standard electrode potentials table This is the standard reduction potential for the reaction shown, measured in volts. Positive potential is more favorable in this case. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Electrolysis." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis View on Boundless.com
Gatorade as an electrolyte solution Aqueous Reactions Gatorade as an electrolyte solution The sports drink Gatorade advertises that it contains electrolytes because it contains sodium, potassium, magnesium, and other ions. When humans sweat, we lose ions necessary for vital bodily functions; to replenish them, we need to consume more ions, often in the form of an electrolyte solution. In the human body, electrolytes have many uses, including helping neurons conduct electrical impulses. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons. "Gatorade4products." CC BY-SA 2.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gatorade4products.jpg View on Boundless.com
Para-benzoquinone Aqueous Reactions P-benzoquinone is an oxidant or electron acceptor. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "File:P-Benzochinon.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:P-Benzochinon.svg&page=1 View on Boundless.com
Hydroquinone Aqueous Reactions Hydroquinone is a reductant or electron donor and organic molecule. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "File:Hydrochinon2.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hydroquinone.svg&page=1 View on Boundless.com
Aqueous Reactions How many moles of ions are produced when two moles of calcium chloride is dissolved in water? A) Three moles B) Two thirds of one mole C) Five moles D) Six moles Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Aqueous Reactions How many moles of ions are produced when two moles of calcium chloride is dissolved in water? A) Three moles B) Two thirds of one mole C) Five moles D) Six moles Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Which of these is water able to dissolve? Aqueous Reactions Which of these is water able to dissolve? A) salts B) fats C) All of these D) oils Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Which of these is water able to dissolve? Aqueous Reactions Which of these is water able to dissolve? A) salts B) fats C) All of these D) oils Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Aqueous Reactions Attribution Wiktionary. "nonelectrolyte." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonelectrolyte Wiktionary. "solute." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solute Wikipedia. "salt." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/salt Wiktionary. "solution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solution Wikipedia. "Electrolyte." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte Wikipedia. "Solution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution Wikibooks. "General Chemistry/Properties of Solutions." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Properties_of_Solutions Wikipedia. "Electrolysis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis Wiktionary. "electron." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electron Wiktionary. "electrode." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electrode Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/Versatility as a Solvent." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Unique_Properties/Versatility_as_a_Solvent Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Water." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Water#Universal_Solvent Wiktionary. "dissociation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dissociation Wikipedia. "hydration shell." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hydration%20shell Wikipedia. "Clathrate compound." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound Connexions. "Water." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44392/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com