Unit 2: Notes Circulatory System, Respiratory System, and Lymphatic System

Ch 23 INTROpg. 6 Find this chart on your page. Initial RestingAfter ExerciseResting 5 min Beats in 15 sec Beats per minute On the right side, fill in the chart with things you already know about the four sections (cardiovascular system, blood, lymphatic system, and respiratory system). Write with a pencil and you can draw pictures if you want. (min 2) (min 4) Graph your results using the beats per minute.

Cardiovascular system components: Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins

Heart 4 Chambers: right atria left atria right ventricle left ventricle valves separate chambers aorta – major artery vena cava – major vein pulmonary artery and vein Animation

Youtube videos for heart and circulation Rap Pump Your Blood LK34hoVpU&feature=related q0s-1MC1hcE&feature=related

Blood Vessels 3 Types of Blood Vessels: 1.Artery 2.Capillary 3.Vein

Arteries Arteries Always carry blood Away from the heart Thick walls to support pressure from heart pumping Usually bright red due to highly oxygenated blood Aorta – major artery supplying body’s blood Coronary artery – supplies heart’s blood Carotid artery – supplies brain’s blood Pulmonary artery – supplies lung’s blood (low O 2 – darker)

Veins Always take blood towards the heart Thinner than arteries Darker color due to less oxygenated blood Vena Cava – major vein returning body’s blood Jugular vein – vein returning brain’s blood Pulmonary vein – returning lung’s blood (high O 2 – bright)

Capillaries Smallest of all blood vessels – single file Where the diffusion of gases and other molecules takes place (things entering and leaving your blood) No cell in your body is more than 3 or 4 cells away from a capillary

Blood Flow Pulmonary Circulation – heart to lungs and back Systemic Circulation – heart to rest of body and back

Atherosclerosis When cholesterol builds up in the walls of blood vessels and restricts blood flow Blood Pressure (hypertension) (hypotension) Systolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles contract Diastolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles relax When it is too high, blood vessels can be damaged or rupture (aneurysm). Stroke – when blood flow is cut off to brain. Heart Attacks / Heart Failure Heart attack - when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart is damaged. Too many cells dying could cause the heart to stop. (cardiac arrest) Heart failure – not enough blood being pumped to the body. Important organs may suffer or stop working.

Heart Surgery

Blood 3 Functions: __________  sends nutrients and oxygen throughout your body __________  protects your body against antigens __________  clots to stop bleeding after a cut or bruise Transport Immunity Healing 1% WBC and platelets 44% RBC 55% Plasma – mostly water Brain Pop

aorta right ventricle pulmonary artery oxygen pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle Capillaries of the body Vena cava Carbon dioxide

Plasma Liquid Mostly _________ Functions: –Transport –Carries hormones and wastes –Makes up 55% of the blood H2OH2O

Red Blood Cells (____________) Most numerous Formed in the bone marrow Functions: –Carries oxygen and nutrients to body and waste back –Filled with the protein hemoglobin, which contains iron (makes your blood red, like rust) erythrocytes

White Blood Cells (____________) Larger than RBC’s Immunity Functions: –Fight off invading organisms (pathogens) –Release antibodies to help identify pathogens –Destroy damaged/infected cells leukocytes

Platelets Small pieces of cells from bone marrow Functions: –Healing –Collect around cuts and produce fibrin to make a net to stop bleeding

Blood Type Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Your blood type refers to the type of antigens you have on the surface of your RBCs. Antigens – the markers that identify what kind of blood you have. Antibodies – the markers that look for foreign blood types to attack. Brain Pop

Transfusion – replacing your blood with someone else’s due to blood loss during surgery or an injury. TypeCan receiveCan donate to AA, OA, AB BB, OB, AB ABallAB only OOall

Lymphatic System Glue the body outline into your science log. Use the textbook page 617 as a guide to draw and label the lymphatic system. Brain Pop Thymus Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Spleen Tonsil

Lymphatic System Like another circulatory system Group of tissues and organs that collects excess fluid and returns it to your blood Helps fight pathogens Brain Pop

Lymph capillaries – absorb fluid and small particles (dead cells/pathogens) near cells Lymphatic vessels carry this lymph back towards your neck where it drains into veins of the cardiovascular system

Lymph nodes – small bean shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph –Lymphocytes are types of WBC’s that fill lymph nodes and attack pathogens Lymph nodes get swollen when you have an infection. Why???

Thymus – gland that makes T cells ready to fight Spleen – soft and spongy organ that –produces lymphocytes –recycles old/damaged RBC’s Tonsils – tissue that stores WBC’s and fights infections

Respiration vs. Breathing Respiration – obtaining and using O 2 and getting rid of CO 2 and H 2 O Breathing – inhaling and exhaling

pharynx lung trachea diaphragm vocal cords larynx bronchus bronchiole alveoli

Gas Exchange

Breathing

B C D E F G A H I A D

A F H G E D C B