Cardiovascular system
all vertebrate animals have a closed circulatory system, which is called cardiovascular system. heart, blood vessels transport gases, nutrients, wastes
Heart
Four chambers Thickness of the wall Left ventricle ﹥ right ventricle
Valves Atriovantricular valve: right– tricuspid valve left-bicuspid valve surpported by fibrous strings Semilunar valve: pulmonary valve aortic valve To prevent blood backward movement
Heart
Blood vessels Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Capillaries: exchange materials with tissue fluid Veins: return blood to the heart
Blood vessels Aorta & vena cava— major artery & vein connected with the penis Arterioles--- small arteries Venules--- small veins Thickness of the wall: Artery ﹥ vein c. Vein
Capillary capillary beds – many capillaries interconnected capillary wall– extremely thin, red cell pass through in single file
Two major circular pathways Pulmonary circuit blood → lungs → heart Systemic circuit blood → heart → body
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms) head and arms carotid artery (also subclavian artery to arms) pulmonary artery pulmonary vein superior vena cava aorta inferior vena cava hepatic vein mesenteric arteries hepatic portal vein liver renal artery digestive tract renal vein kidneys trunk and legs iliac artery Iliac vein heart lungs CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs Superior/inferi or vena cava carry deoxygenated blood Left ventricle pumps blood to the body Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs
Systemic capillary exchange
Dissect heart and identify four chambers and valves