MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY TENDENCY 1. Mean 1. Mean 2. Median 2. Median 3. Mode 3. Mode

CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAN Measure of average Measure of average Influence by extreme Influence by extreme scores (especially if scores (especially if distribution is small) distribution is small) Interval or ratio data Interval or ratio data

CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIAN Measure of position Measure of position Not influenced by extreme scores Not influenced by extreme scores Ordinal or interval data Ordinal or interval data

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODE Measure of frequency Measure of frequency Not influence by extreme Not influence by extreme Scores Scores Nominal Data Nominal Data

Would you accept an education position Smart High School where the average salary is $74,200?

Would you accept an education position Smart High School where the average salary is $74,200? TEACHER A: $100,000 TEACHER B: $95,000 TEACHER C: $90,000 TEACHER D: $85,000 TEACHER E: $1,000 ** MEAN = MEDIAN = MODE =

Would you accept an education position Smart High School where the average salary is $74,200? TEACHER A: $100,000 TEACHER B: $95,000 TEACHER C: $90,000 TEACHER D: $85,000 TEACHER E: $1,000 ** MEAN = $74,200 MEDIAN = $90,000 MODE = ALL #S

MEASURES OF VARIABILITY EXAMPLE GROUP A: GROUP B:

MEASURES OF VARIABILITY 1. Range 1. Range 2. Quartile Deviation 2. Quartile Deviation 3. Mean Deviation 3. Mean Deviation 4. Standard Deviation 4. Standard Deviation

CHARACTERISTICS OF RANGE Measure of distance between high Measure of distance between high high score and low score high score and low score Indicates nothing about Indicates nothing about variability of scores between variability of scores between extreme scores extreme scores Does not consider all scores Does not consider all scores

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUARTILE DEVIATION Measure of middle 50.00% of scores Measure of middle 50.00% of scores Quartile deviation is added to, Quartile deviation is added to, and subtracted from, median and subtracted from, median Does not consider all scores Does not consider all scores

CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAN DEVIATION Measure of middle 57.50% of scores Measure of middle 57.50% of scores Mean deviation is added to, and Mean deviation is added to, and subtracted from, mean subtracted from, mean Considers all scores, but not Considers all scores, but not mathematically sound. mathematically sound.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARD DEVIATION MEASURE OF VARIATION MEASURE OF VARIATION AROUND MEAN AROUND MEAN A RELATIVELY SMALL SD A RELATIVELY SMALL SD INDICATES LITTLE VARIABILITY. INDICATES LITTLE VARIABILITY. A RELATIVELY LARGE SD A RELATIVELY LARGE SD INDICATES MUCH VARIABILITY INDICATES MUCH VARIABILITY CONSIDERS ALL SCORES CONSIDERS ALL SCORES

CORRELATIONAL TECHNIQUES 1. PEARSON PRODUCT-MOMENT 1. PEARSON PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION CORRELATION 2. SPEARMAN RANK-ORDER 2. SPEARMAN RANK-ORDER CORRELATION CORRELATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF CORRELATION CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS RANGE FROM TO RANGE FROM TO SIGN INDICATES TYPE OF SIGN INDICATES TYPE OF CORRELATION AND NUMBER CORRELATION AND NUMBER INDICATES DEGREE OF INDICATES DEGREE OF CORRELATION CORRELATION

POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE CORRELATION INDICATES A DIRECT INDICATES A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP RELATIONSHIP NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE CORRELATION INDICATES AN INVERSE INDICATES AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP RELATIONSHIP CANNOT INFER CAUSE-AND- CANNOT INFER CAUSE-AND- EFFECT EFFECT

t-TEST 1. t-TEST BETWEEN SAMPLE AND 1. t-TEST BETWEEN SAMPLE AND POPULATION MEAN POPULATION MEAN 2. INDEPENDENT t-TEST 2. INDEPENDENT t-TEST 3. DEPENDENT t-TEST 3. DEPENDENT t-TEST

t-TEST BETWEEN SAMPLE AND POPULATION MEAN DESIGN SCHEMA R T A1 O R T A1 O R = RANDOM ASSIGNMENT T = TREATMENT O = OBSERVATION OR TEST

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 1. SIMPLE ANOVA 1. SIMPLE ANOVA 2. FACTORIAL ANOVA 2. FACTORIAL ANOVA

ONE-WAY ANOVA (THREE GROUPS) DESIGN SCHEMA T A1 O (00 HOURS PRACTICE) T A1 O (00 HOURS PRACTICE) R T A2 O (05 HOURS PRACTICE) R T A2 O (05 HOURS PRACTICE) T A3 O (10 HOURS PRACTICE) T A3 O (10 HOURS PRACTICE)

TWO-WAY ANOVA (2 x 2) DESIGN SCHEMA T A1B1 O (GROUP 01, MALES) T A1B1 O (GROUP 01, MALES) T A1B2 O (GROUP 01, FEMALES) T A1B2 O (GROUP 01, FEMALES)R T A2B1 O (GROUP 02, MALES) T A2B1 O (GROUP 02, MALES) T A2B2 O (GROUP 02, FEMALES) T A2B2 O (GROUP 02, FEMALES)

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WITH REPEATED MEASURES REPEATED MEASURES 1. ONE-WAY ANOVA WITH 1. ONE-WAY ANOVA WITH REPEATED MEASURES REPEATED MEASURES 2. TWO-WAY ANOVA WITH 2. TWO-WAY ANOVA WITH REPEATED MEASURES REPEATED MEASURES

TWO-WAY ANOVA WITH REPEATED MEASURES (2 x 4) DESIGN SCHEMA T A1B1 O T A1B2 O T A1B3 O T A1B4 O T A1B1 O T A1B2 O T A1B3 O T A1B4 O R T A2B1 O T A2B2 O T A2B3 O T A2B4 O T A2B1 O T A2B2 O T A2B3 O T A2B4 O