“LEADERS” Julius Caesar > Conquest, Triumvirate, Mark Antony & Cleopatra Octavian (Augustus Caesar) > “Pax Romana” Claudius > Britain & Harbors Nero >

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Presentation transcript:

“LEADERS” Julius Caesar > Conquest, Triumvirate, Mark Antony & Cleopatra Octavian (Augustus Caesar) > “Pax Romana” Claudius > Britain & Harbors Nero > Architecture, Eccentricity, Persecution, Controversy Vespasian >Beautification, Civil Strife, Coliseum & Campaigns Trajan > Architecture, Engineering, Expansion Hadrian > Organization, Hadrian’s Wall, Pantheon Diocletian > “The Diarchy” Persecutions, East vs. West Constantine > Conversion, Christianity, Constantinople

Julius Caesar Veni Vidi Vici 'I came I saw I conquered'

Born 100 B.C.E. into Patrician Family Marriage (Cornelia of Lucius Cornelius Cinna) Military Study in Greece Kidnapping and Revenge Rise in Politics & Wife’s death Married again--Pompeia, a relative of Pompey…then, divorce Governor of Spain

Joins Crassus and Pompey Triumvirate Governor of Gaul calls to step down Deaths Crassus Julia Schizm Civil War Pompey flees then murdered Conquests in Egypt

Dictator in 48 March 15, 44 B.C., Ides of March Caesar entered the Senate. Assassination plot group of 60 senators Gaius Cassius and Marcus Junius Brutus As Caesar entered the Senate, stabbed 23 times After Caesar was assassinated, Rome experienced another 13 years of civil war.

Claudius 41-54

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Invalid Background with relative Caligula Seized power bribing guards Fairly popular, intelligent Empire moves forward: Conquered Britannia Built two major aqueducts Lured into marrying niece: Agrippina Sinister plan to convince Claudius to anoint her son--not his--as a successor. Later met death by poisoning allegedly by Agrippina servant—mushroom. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

Nero 54-68

Opportunity Fire Persecution of Christians Kills mother: Agrippina Lavish State project: Palace—Domus Aurea Innovation vaulted ceiling Level of slavery enormous Overthrown Dramatic Suicide “What an artist dies in me…” Leaves a void of bloodline… Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

Trajan 98-117

Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus AKA Trajan New meaning for “Roman” Appeals to Roman “Sense of Supremacy” Massive building Infrastructure: roads, harbors, baths, aqueducts ‘Conquest for Cash’ Most of any emperor Dacia Extended empire Public Place: ‘A New <Trajan’s> Forum’ 112 CE Trajan’s Market (Hemicycle <hemicircle>) Named successor Hadrian prior to his death (stroke)

Hadrian 117-138

Tribune to Macedonia and Governor of Syria Alienated Senate Publius Aelius Hadrianus AKA HADRIAN Adopted son of Trajan Tribune to Macedonia and Governor of Syria Alienated Senate Lowers taxes, increase games, helps poor children Focus on frontiers <i.e. Hadrian’s Wall> N. Britain Inspection tour Pantheon Conflict with Architect Apollodorus "Go away and draw your pumpkins.” Weakened and paranoid in later years. Died in villa from suspected cardiac failure

Diocletian 286-305

Control Stern measures--Autocratic Reorganization of Provinces Boated Bureaucracy Compulsory Services Diarchy…Tetrarchy: Diocletian: Eastern half Maximianus: Western half Constantius: Gaul, Britain Galerius: Balkans Maximum Pricing/Price Controls resulted in rise of ’Blackmarket’ Christian persecutions Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus AKA Diocletian