Chemistry 2 Lesson 1.1 Atomic structure AQA Additional Science

Aims Class work 26 June 2007 Structures and Bonding Atomic Structure LO’s What makes up atoms? Write it down!! Page 42 © C Meyer

Chemistry Unit 2 Sections Structures Structures and bonding  and properties  How much? © C Meyer

Chemistry Unit 2 Sections Rates of Energy and Acids, alkalis reaction  reactions  Electrolysis  and salts © C Meyer

Examination NOT like year 10 with 3 lots of modules taken through the year 3 exams taken in June 2008 All 45 minutes NOT multiple choice – ALL short answer

All Know the particles that make up an atom Know the charges of the particles Define atomic number Most Explain why atoms are electrically neutral Some Understand how the elements are ordered in the periodic table Aims

The periodic table shows all the elements. Elements are made up from 3 small particles. In back – 30 sec How would you draw the structure of an element? What are the names and charges of the particles? What makes up atoms?

The middle (nucleus) of an atom is made up from protons (+) and neutrons (no charge) Electrons (-) whizz around the nucleus There are the same number of electrons and protons (+’s cancel out –’s) Atomic Structure What makes up atoms?

Think 3D What makes up atoms?

Title – Atomic Structure Draw a diagram of an atom Label a neutron, proton, electron and nucleus Also give their charge neutron = 0 proton = +1 electron = -1 m5 nucleus = proton + neutron

What is atomic number? Atomic number = the number of protons in an atom proton electron neutron helium nucleus These are the particles in a helium atom What is the atomic number of helium?

Properties and atomic numberparticlecharge relative mass proton+11 neutron01 electron Scientists discovered that the properties of elements seemed to depend on atomic number. What is the atomic number of an element? Atoms contain three types of particles: Number of protons Copy Table m6

There are the same number of electrons and protons (+’s cancel out –’s) Atoms have NO charge What makes up atoms? A few sums +6 – 6 = = 48 – 48 = m8 A few more sums 6 protons and 6 electrons = 12 electrons and 12 protons = 36 protons and 36 electrons = 0 0 0

Activity Drag the statements at the top onto the correct side of the table

Activity Drag the statements at the top onto the correct side of the table

Take one colour A4 card Fold in half length ways, open out Fold in half width ways, open out Fold 2 ends into middle fold You have 8 rectangles Repeat with 2 more pieces of different coloured card to the first Cut out rectangles so you have 24 pieces of card (8 one colour, 16 another) What makes up atoms?

Put a different element name on each card, along with its symbol, number of protons and number of electrons. Metals on 1 colour, others on other What makes up atoms? Sodium Na Metal Protons = 11 Electron = 11 NameMetalAtomic number NameMetalAtomic number AluminiumYes13LithiumYes3 Argon18MagnesiumYes12 BerylliumYes4Neon10 Boron5Nitrogen7 CalciumYes20Oxygen8 Carbon6Phosphorus15 Chlorine17PotassiumYes19 Fluorine9Silicon14 Helium2SodiumYes11 Hydrogen1Sulphur16 Carbon C Non Metal Protons = 6 Electron = 6

Finish off your 20 cards Will need to use them next lesson Homework

Arrange you cards in an order you pick eg alphabetical See how many different ways you can re-arrange the cards What makes up atoms? IN the periodic table are arranged in atomic/proton number order – BUT why in blocks? m1

Atomic number and patterns K H LiNaBe MgAl PNOSClFNeArSiHeBC reactive metals unreactive gases reactive gases When scientists arranged elements in order of increasing atomic number they found patterns in their properties. Demo Li/Na

Positions of similar elements How many elements are there from one reactive metal to the next? How many elements are there from one reactive gas to the next? K H LiNaBe MgAl PNOSClFNeArSiHeBC Compare the positions of similar elements. reactive gasesreactive metals

Arranging elements Arranging these strips in rows… Divide the elements at set intervals, arrange them according to their properties and what patterns do you see? cut here K H LiNaBe MgAl PNOSClFNeArSiHeBC cut here NaMgAlPSClArSi H He LiBeNOFNeBC K

Arranging elements K He Al P S SiMg Na ArCl Be NOB CLi Ne F When elements are arranged according to their properties what patterns do you see and what element is missing? reactive metals unreactive gases reactive gases Similar elements go into the same columns. Hydrogen is an exception. This reactive gas is best positioned above the reactive metals. H hydrogen is a special case

Tidy UP!!! Stack items tidily Clean up bench/floor Sit down when finished

What mostly makes up atoms? What stops electrons whizzing off into space? Which bit of the atom does the chemistry? Which bit of the atom does the radioactivity come from? What have I learnt? Space Electrostatic attraction Electrons Nucleaus m1

The End