WHAT DO YOU THINK ATOMS LOOK LIKE? Draw what you think atoms look likeDraw what you think atoms look like Why do you think they look like this?Why do you think they look like this?

HISTORY OF THE ATOM 460 BC Democritus develops the idea of atoms he pounded up materials in his pestle and mortar until he had reduced them to smaller and smaller particles which he called ATOMA (greek for indivisible)

HISTORY OF THE ATOM 1898 Joseph John Thompson found that atoms could sometimes eject a far smaller negative particle which he called an ELECTRON

HISTORY OF THE ATOM 1910 Ernest Rutherford they fired Helium nuclei at a piece of gold foil which was only a few atoms thick. they found that although most of them passed through. About 1 in 10,000 hit

HELIUM ATOM + N N proton electron neutron Shell What do these particles consist of?

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Particle proton neutron electron Charge + ve charge -ve charge No charge 1 1 nil Mass

ATOMIC PARTICLES ARE VERY SMALL

SIZE OF ATOMS ANALOGY Atom = Skydome, Toronto Nucleus = baseball Protons = marbles inside baseball Electrons = mosquitoes buzzing around baseball

1. Draw a diagram showing the location of the three types of particles in an atom. 2. Name each type of atomic particle 3. Write the charge of each atomic particle

WHAT DO ATOMS LOOK LIKE? look%20like

ATOMIC STRUCTURE = number of protons in an atom = number of protons and neutrons in an atom He 2 4 Atomic mass Atomic number number of electrons = number of protons

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

What is the atomic number of H (hydrogen)? What is the atomic mass of H (hydrogen)? How many electrons and protons are in hydrogen atoms? What would it look like?

ATOMIC STRUCTURE What is the atomic number of Li (lithium)? What is the atomic mass of Li (lithium)? How many electrons and protons are in lithium atoms? What would it look like?

QUIZ QUESTION: 1. Atomic mass is the number of __________ and ___________ in an atom 2. Atomic number is the number of ___________ in an atom

3. How many protons are in this atom? 4. What is the overall charge of this atom? 5. What element is this atom?

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells around the nucleus of an atom. first shella maximum of 2 electrons second shella maximum of 8 electrons third shella maximum of 8 electrons

ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS

ATOMIC STRUCTURE There are two ways to represent the atomic structure of an element or compound; 1.Electronic Configuration 2.Dot & Cross Diagrams

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION With electronic configuration elements are represented numerically by the number of electrons in their shells and number of shells. For example; N Nitrogen in 1 st shell 5 in 2 nd shell configuration = 2, = 7

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION Write the electronic configuration for the following elements; Ca O ClSi Na B 11 5 a)b)c) d)e)f) 2,8,8,22,8,1 2,8,72,8,42,3 2,6

DOT & CROSS DIAGRAMS With Dot & Cross diagrams elements and compounds are represented by Dots or Crosses to show electrons, and circles to show the shells. For example; Nitrogen N XX X X XX X N 7 14

DOT & CROSS DIAGRAMS Draw the Dot & Cross diagrams for the following elements; OCl a)b) O X X X X X X X X Cl X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X

SUMMARY 1. The Atomic Number of an atom = number of protons in the nucleus. 2. The Atomic Mass of an atom = number of Protons + Neutrons in the nucleus. 3. The number of Protons = Number of Electrons. 4. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. 5. Each shell can only carry a set number of electrons.