Life in New France until Confederation of Canada 1635-1867

Time of Samuel de Champlain 1608- Le habitation- Fur trading post and the 1st permanent settlement in the new world. Later becomes Quebec City. 1617- 1st family arrive in New France- Louis Hebert and his family come and live to farm the land. 1633- Champlain named first governor of New France. Samuel de Champlain, the Father of Quebec and Canada died on Dec. 25th, 1635.

Expansion of the Colony 1634- Trois Rivieres- Laviolette -new fur trading post south of Le Habitation (Quebec City) along the St. Lawrence River. 1642- Paul de Chomedey sieur de Maisonneuve expanded the fur trade south along the river and established the post of Ville Marie (Montreal). Sieur de Laval: Mission to convert natives to Christians. 1645- 3,200 people living in New France- most working the fur trade and farming the land. 1670 British establish the Hudson’s Bay company as competition to challenge the French fur traders. Next 100 years- Expansion of the colony from the Saint Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, down the Mississippi River to New Orleans in Gulf of Mexico in order to Hunt for Furs.

1645 1745

People of New France Jean Talon- developed the colony- made it popular by bringing cows, pigs, chickens, horses...The Population increased to 70,000 in 1745. Homes were first made from wood in early years, then stone to prevent the spread of fire. There was a church, school, hospital in the town (Hotel Dieu started by Jeanne Mance in Ville Marie). Typical jobs of the time: Fur Traders, Farmers, Seamstresses, Shoemakers, Carpenters, Masons, Blacksmiths, bakers... 18th Century- Average persons’ life did not last very long: Not enough medicines, poor nutrition, poor Hygiene. Disease spread easily because there were no pipes for plumbing. The adults and children worked and lived to survive: Used sunlight as a guide to organize their daily chores-in fields, woods, market..

Their life in comparison to ours today We have much more plastic and paper products in our garbage and recycling bins. We live much longer because of medicine. We enjoy more free time because of electricity and technology. People are abusing the planet by cutting down trees, putting chemicals in the water, digging for oil and digging mines, and pumping chemicals into the air. There are more limits to the amounts of animals that can be hunted in the hopes of preserving their numbers.

French are defeated by British 13 colonies and British territory along Atlantic Coast from Maine to Georgia had 1.6 million people (Mainly Europeans) in 1745. 1759-1760: General James Wolfe and 50 000 British (with Iroquois) defeat general Louis Joseph de Montcalm and 13 500 French (with Algonquians) on the plains of Abraham. Both generals are killed. James Murray named 1st British Governor of Quebec. Allowed French to continue living as they did before. 1763- France turns over North American possessions to Britain in the Treaty of Paris. Wolfe Montcalm

American Revolution 1775: 13 colonies: The independents want to separate from British Rule. (General George Washington-named 1st President of the United States in 1789) 1783- Treaty of Paris ends the war- Border between British North America (Quebec) and the United States is accepted. Loyalists (loyal to British rule) arrive and settle in western towns of British North America (Quebec). 1791- Constitutional Act divides British North America (Quebec) into Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec).

19th Century War of 1812- British territory of Canada invaded by USA. Defended by British (Brock, Laura Secord), French (de Salaberry), and natives (Tecumseh) War Ended in 1814- Natives were the real losers as they lost land to new settlers. -Pride of winning an d1st feeling of being Canadian! 1820- population of Upper Canada- 150,000(Ontario), Lower Canada 450,000(Quebec). 1830’s: rebellions- people of Upper and Lower Canada wanted more from leaders and Britain- many poor, uneducated people, unerdeveloped towns..rich businessmen. 1834-The underground railroad- slaves escape to Canada. (Tubman) 1841-United the 2 Canadas= Province of Canada 1850-1867: inventions (Kerosene oil), machines (Farming), new immigrants (Irish), work (wood), gold rush in the west, building the railway,