Figure 7-3c The Adult Skull Coronal suture PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE SPHENOID Squamous suture Supra-orbital foramen TEMPORAL BONE NASAL BONE LACRIMAL BONE Squamous part of temporal bone ETHMOID Lambdoid suture Infra-orbital foramen OCCIPITAL BONE MAXILLA External acoustic meatus ZYGOMATIC BONE Mastoid process Styloid process MANDIBLE Zygomatic process of temporal bone Mental foramen Zygomatic arch Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mental protuberance Lateral view 1

Figure 7-3a The Adult Skull Sagittal suture PARIETAL BONE (left) PARIETAL BONE (right) Lambdoid suture OCCIPITAL BONE Squamous suture TEMPORAL BONE Mastoid process Styloid process Occipital condyle External occipital protuberance MANDIBLE Posterior view 2

Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull PARIETAL BONE Coronal suture FRONTAL BONE SPHENOID TEMPORAL BONE Supra-orbital foramen ETHMOID Optic canal PALATINE BONE Superior orbital fissure LACRIMAL BONE Inferior orbital fissure Temporal process of zygomatic bone ZYGOMATIC BONE Mastoid process of temporal bone Infra-orbital foramen NASAL BONE Middle nasal concha (part of ethmoid) MAXILLA Perpendicular plate of ethmoid INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA Bony nasal septum VOMER MANDIBLE Mental protuberance Mental foramen Anterior view 3

Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull FRONTAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLA VOMER SPHENOID PALATINE BONE Foreman ovale Zygomatic arch Medial and lateral pterygoid processes Styloid process Mandibular fossa Foramen lacerum Carotid canal External acoustic meatus TEMPORAL BONE Mastoid process Jugular foramen Stylomastoid foramen Lambdoid suture Occipital condyle OCCIPITAL BONE External occipital protuberance Foramen magnum Inferior view 4

Figure 7-4a The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull Coronal suture PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE SPHENOID Squamous suture Sphenoidal sinus (right) Frontal sinus TEMPORAL BONE Crista galli Lambdoid suture NASAL BONE ETHMOID Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica VOMER Internal acoustic meatus PALATINE BONE OCCIPITAL BONE MAXILLA Hypoglossal canal Styloid process MANDIBLE Medial view of a sagittal section through the skull. 5

Figure 7-4b The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull FRONTAL BONE Crista galli ETHMOID Cribriform plate Sella turcica Foramen rotundum SPHENOID Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum TEMPORAL BONE Carotid canal Internal acoustic meatus Foramen magnum PARIETAL BONE Jugular foramen Internal occipital crest Hypoglossal canal OCCIPITAL BONE Superior view of a horizontal section through the skull, showing the floor of the cranial cavity. Compare with part (a) and with Figure 7–3e. 6

Cranial Bones: Ethmoid Bone Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 7-15a The Skull of an Infant Coronal suture FRONTAL BONE PARIETAL BONE Sphenoidal fontanelle NASAL BONE Squamous suture Lambdoid suture MAXILLA OCCIPITAL BONE SPHENOID MANDIBLE TEMPORAL BONE Mastoid fontanelle Lateral view 8

Figure 7-15b The Skull of an Infant PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE Lambdoid suture Coronal suture Sagittal suture Frontal suture Anterior fontanelle OCCIPITAL BONE FRONTAL BONE PARIETAL BONE Occipital fontanelle Superior view 9

Figure 7-19b The Cervical Vertebrae Vertebral arch Spinous process Lamina Vertebral foramen Superior articular process Pedicle Vertebral body Transverse process Superior articular facet Transverse foramen Costal process A superior view of a representative cervical vertebra showing characteristics of C3–C6. Notice the typical features listed in Table 7–2. 10

Figure 7-19d The Cervical Vertebrae Dens of axis Anterior arch Transverse ligament Atlas (C1) Posterior arch Axis (C2) The atlas (C1) and axis (C2). 11

Figure 7-20c The Thoracic Vertebrae Superior articular facet Superior costal facet for head of superior rib Transverse costal facet for tubercle of superior rib Transverse process Vertebral body Spinous process Inferior costal facet for head of inferior rib Thoracic vertebra, lateral view. 12

Figure 7-21b The Lumbar Vertebrae Superior articular process Pedicle Transverse process Vertebral body Spinous process Inferior articular process Inferior articular facet A lateral view of a typical lumbar vertebra 13

An anterior view Base Sacral promontory Ala Ala Sacral foramina Figure 7-22c The Sacrum and Coccyx Base Sacral promontory Ala Ala Sacral foramina Transverse lines Apex Coccyx An anterior view

A posterior view of the head of a Figure 7-24b The Ribs Head Neck Attachment to costal cartilage (sternal end) Articular facets Tubercle Body Angle Costal groove A posterior view of the head of a representative rib from the right side (ribs 2–9). 15

Vertebral Column: Ribs (Costal Bones) Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 7-23a The Thoracic Cage Jugular notch T1 Clavicular articulation 1 Manubrium 2 3 Sternum Body True ribs (ribs 1–7) 4 Xiphoid process 5 Costal cartilages 10 T11 6 T12 11 7 Vertebrochondral ribs (ribs 8–10) 12 8 9 False ribs (ribs 8–12) Floating ribs (ribs 11–12) An anterior view, showing the costal cartilages and the sternum 17