Organization of the Human Body

Objectives At the end of this unit you should be able to: name the cavities of the body and their organs locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back pronounce and define terms used to describe the body positions, directions, and planes use the new words to understand medical terms

Structure Definition Example Atom Molecule Compound Cell Tissue Organ Smallest part of an element. Hydrogen, zinc, nitrogen Smallest quantity of a substance that cannot be divided. NaCl Substance made up of 2 or more units combined. (A molecule plus an atom. H2O or water Smallest unit of life. Skin cell A group of similar cells that work together to perform a similar function. Nerve tissue A group of tissues that form together to perform a similar function. Heart, lungs A group of organs /structures that work together to perform functions together. Respiratory The physical part of a man or woman. You Atom Molecule Compound Cell Tissue Organ System Body

Cranial cavity Dorsal cavity Spinal cavity Thoracic cavity Ventral cavity Abdominal cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Pelvic cavity

Dorsal or Ventral Dorsal Ventral Dorsal Dorsal Dorsal Ventral Cavity Location Pertains to the back of the body Pertains to the front of the body Contains the cranial & spinal cavities Contains the brain Contains the vertebrae, spinal cord Contains the thoracic, abdominal, & pelvic cavities Dorsal Ventral Dorsal Dorsal Dorsal Ventral

Abdominal, Pelvic, or Thoracic Cavity Lungs Liver Urinary bladder Heart Gall bladder Reproductive organs Aorta Spleen Esophagus Stomach Trachea Pancreas Intestines Kidneys Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic

Anatomical Position standing with feet forward hands and arms facing forward notice the RIGHT and LEFT side are opposite from yours

Directional Terms Term Meaning Pertaining to the front of the body Pertaining to the back of the body Pertaining to the midline of the body Toward the side of the body Toward the head of the body Below or toward the feet Away from the point of attachment Toward the point of attachment Ventral / Anterior Dorsal / Posterior Medial Lateral Superior / Cranial Inferior / Caudal Distal Proximal

proximal distal medial lateral The forearm is _________ to the hand. lateral distal medial proximal proximal The forearm is _________ to the hand. distal The hand is _________ to the forearm. medial The big toe is _________ to the little toe. lateral The little toe is _________ to the big toe.

Abdominal Quadrants 1 2 3 4 Left Upper Quadrant Right Upper Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant 3 4

Bones of the neck C1-C7 Bones of the chest T1-T12 Bones of the lower back. Largest of the vertebrae L1-L5 5 fused bones. Referred to by its name. 4 fused bones. Referred to by its name.

Body Planes Sagittal Plane Coronal Plane Transverse Plane divides the body into right and left sides Coronal Plane divides the body into a front and back Transverse Plane divides the body into upper and lower halves

What plane is this image showing? Sagittal Coronal Transverse

What plane is this image showing? Coronal Transverse Sagittal

What plane is this image showing? Coronal Sagittal Transverse

Body Regions Term Meaning Plantar Popliteal Gluteal Sacral Lumbar Scapular Cervical Occipital sole of foot back of knee buttock sacrum small of back shoulder blade neck base of skul

Body Regions Term Meaning Umbilical Antecubital Axillary Mammary Oral Ocular Frontal coxal navel inner elbow armpit breast mouth eye forehead hip

Body Regions Term Meaning Pedal Phalangeal Tarsal Patellar Femoral Palmar Pubic Inguinal foot toes and/or fingers ankle kneecap thigh palm pubis groin

Body Regions Term Meaning Cephalic Cranial Facial Thoracic Brachial Antebrachial Carpal crural head cranium face chest arm forearm wrist leg

Combining Forms Term Meaning abdomin/o anter/o cervic/o coccyg/o crani/o cyt/o caud/o hist/o abdominal front neck coccyx cranium cell back tissue

Combining Forms Term Meaning ili/o inguin/o later/o lumb/o medi/o pelv/o poster/o proxim/o ilium / hipbone groin side lower back middle pelvis back closer to the point of attachment

Combining Forms Term Meaning sacr/o spin/o thorac/o umbilic/o ventr/o vertebr/o viscer/o sacrum / tailbone spine chest navel front vertebra organ

Celery Surgery head front – groove toward you feet After you have placed your patient in the supine position, assume you are the surgeon performing the following 4 surgical procedures on your patient (celery). head front – groove toward you feet

At the umbilicus, make a SUPERFICIAL MIDSAGITTAL INCISION on the ventral surface  of your patient. Extend the incision inferiorly to the feet (base of the stalk of celery). 2. At the Superior end (head of patient), Make a DEEP TRANSVERSE INCISION on the dorsal surface of your patient.  Do not transect your  (cut into two halves) patient.\ 3. Enter at the  LATERAL surface at the umbilical level and make a complete FRONTAL (CORONAL) incision and proceed inferiorly (all the way to the feet). 4. Make a COMPLETE MEDIAL NOTCH * on the inferior end of your patient (celery).  *a notch is a 3-D triangle similar to the wedge made in the side of a tree as you are chopping it down