THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni Spring, 2014

1. Industrial Revolution: A change from hand / animal power to machine power. 2. Factory: all elements of production under one roof. 3. Reasons I.R. began in England: 1) natural resources, 2) population, 3) money 4. Laissez Faire: “Hands off” 5. Urbanization: movement from farms to cities 6. New Class Structure: upper, middle, lower. Social mobility!

7. Working conditions: long hours, dangerous jobs, little pay. 8. Liberalism: want slow, steady change. (workers) 9. Conservatism: want things to stay the same. (owners) 10. Adam Smith: invented Capitalism. SUPPLY AND DEMAND. 11. Thomas Malthus: theory of population. Strong will survive. 12. Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto. Developed Socialism, Communism. CLASS STRUGGLE.

13. Communist Manifesto: Book by Marx. Struggle between proletariat and capitalists. 14. Sadler Commission: Government agency which ended abuses of factory owners. 15. Irish Potato Famine: blight in Ireland. Caused mass migration from Ireland to US.

 A change in the means of production from hand tools and animal power to complex machinery and steam power.  COAL = INDUSTRY = POWER

How it works

1. Geography: England had large supplies of coal, iron ore, harbors, rivers. Revolution begins here. 2. Population Growth: Better health = more population = more demand for goods and more workers. 3. Capital: $ for investment. $ creates more $. 4. Technological Advance: Steam Engine.

1. Urbanization: Fast Growth of Cities = positive / negative results

City Life

Dangerous conditions. Young children, women. Work hours per day.

Factory Work

Upper Class: Factory Owners (Capitalists) Middle Class: “White Collar Jobs“ (Bourgeoise) Lower Class: Factory Workers (Proleteriat) Social Mobility: Social Mobility: People can move from class to class. Creates classes of “Haves” and “Have nots”

A Christmas Carol Oliver Twist

Adam Smith: Theory of Capitalism and Laissez- Faire. -Gov. should keep its “Hands Off” business. -Let Supply/Demand run economy. -Social Darwinism: the strong will survive. -Do not punish the succesful.

 “The Communist Manifesto”  “…Workers of the world UNITE. You have nothing to lose but your chains…”  Socialism, total gov. control  Opposite of Laissez-Faire  Everyone is equal, all shared.  Struggle between: Proletariat (workers) and Capitalists (owners)

Smith—Capitalism  Individuals should make decisions. Failure is your fault.  Competition, Supply Demand improve quality and price.  Market economy produces best product at lowest prices.  Government should not interfere in the economy. Marx—Communism  “Haves” take advantage of the “Have-nots”.  There has always been a struggle between classes.  Workers are taken advantage of by owners.  Hard work of workers creates profit for owners.  Society should have no classes, all equal.

Irish Famine Molly Maguires

 Theory of Population. World will outgrow it’s resources and will “fix” itself.

 1825: Trade Unions legalized in England  1840s-1910 British Parliament passes laws: (Sadler Commission)  Limit child labor  Regulating work hours for women/children  Safety conditions in mines  Set minimum wages  Accident and unemployment insurance.

 POSITIVES:  NEGATIVES: