How to study for exams Prehistoric Cultures University of Minnesota Duluth

studying from the text

1. What is it? 2. Why is it important? 3. When did it happen? for items from the “Contents” studying from the text

dates? studying from the text read charts from the bottom up

dates 5 – 7 mya

dates 5 – 7 mya

1. The first of things 2. The last of things 3. The best of things also keep track of studying from the text

1. The first of things 2. The last of things 3. The best of things keep track of studying from the text REPEAT

pay attention to the timelines in the text studying from the text See 10 th ed., pp

pay attention to the timelines in the text studying from the text See 9 th ed., pp

pay attention to the timelines in the text studying from the text see 8th 9 th ed., pp. 246 ?

p. 224 Time line of early African hominins “robust” Australopithecines “gracile” Australopithecines

p. 232 Key Early Hominin Fossil Discoveries from Africa

p. 250 Time line for Homo erectus and contemporaries

p. 254 Key Fossil Discoveries of Homo erectus

p. 282 Key Fossil Discoveries of Premodern Humans

Homo sapiens Sapiens (“moderns”) p. 293 Time line of Modern Homo sapiens discoveries.

p. 309 Key Fossil Discoveries of Early Modern Humans and Homo floresiensis

p. 313 Time line for Ch. 13 “Early Holocene Hunters and Gatherers.”

p. 343 The Most Significant Archaeological Site Discussed in Ch. 13, “Early Holocene Hunters and Gatherers.” (top of page)

p. 343 The Most Significant Archaeological Sites Discussed in Ch. 13, “Early Holocene Hunters and Gatherers.” (bottom of page)

p. 347 Time line for Ch. 14 “Food Production.”

p. 386 The Most Significant Archaeological Sites Discussed in Ch. 14 “Food Production.” (top of page)

p. 386 The Most Significant Archaeological Sites Discussed in Ch. 14 “Food Production.” (bottom of page)

p. 397 Time line for Old World civilizations.

p. 409 Time line for New World civilizations.

p. 424 The Most Significant Archaeological Site Discussed in Ch. 15, “The First Civilizations.”

1. What is it? 2. Why is it important? 3. When did it happen? for items from the “Table of Contents” studying from the text

continue on in a similar manner with the rest of the chapters 1. What is it? 2. Why is it important? 3. When did it happen?

continue on in a similar manner with the rest of the chapters 1. What is it? 2. Why is it important? 3. When did it happen?

What about the names of people? studying from the text

names of people know the major figures from Bishop Ussher through the present generally these are people whose pictures are in the text chapters, or who are discussed at some length in class

Know the people singled out in the Contents sections

studying from the text

important people / works Charles Darwin ( ) Origin of Species 1859 Descent of Man 1871

10 th Ed. pp Charles Darwin

important people / works

Thomas Malthus 10 th Ed. p. 25

Thomas Malthus ( ) “Essay on the Principle of Population” 1798 important people / works 10 th Ed. p. 25

important people / works

Linnaeus Developed a classification system for plants and animals. p. 22

important people / works

Lamarck Believed that species change was influenced by environmental change. He is known for his theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics. 10 th Ed. p. 23

important people / works Lyell The father of geology, stated that the theory of uniformitarianism in his Principles of Geology. 10 th Ed. p. 26

important people / works

Alfred Russel Wallace Independently uncovered the key to the evolutionary process. 10 th Ed. p. 29

important people / works

REM: pay special attention to the definitions in the margins of the text studying from the text

have a look at the Glossary items on pp studying from the text

glossary biospecies paleospecies... and other terms introduced in class

terms / concepts from class handout – “History of Thought: ‘The Search for Human Origins’"

the internet : Texas A&M

UMD’s Brick and Mortar Library virtual and real libraries

virtual library

individual fossils know major finds, according to group type –early on that means the basic type of find –e.g., Australopithecus (“South African ape”)

dates 5 – 7 mya Australopithecus (“South African Ape”) “robust” “gracile”

individual fossils know major finds, according to group type –early on that means the basic type of find –e.g., Australopithecus (“South African ape”) –later it means keeping track of the genus –e.g., “Australopithecus”

individual fossils know major finds, according to group type –early on that means the basic type of find –e.g., Australopithecus (“South African ape”) –later it means keeping track of the genus –e.g., “Early Homo” –toward the end (Chs ) that means keeping track of the species –e.g., Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens

important individual fossils will be discussed in class

e.g. of Individual fossils

throughout the semester keep track of the major areas of change – bipedal walkingbipedal walking – stereoscopic visionstereoscopic vision – grasping handgrasping hand – brain development...brain development

–tool manufacturetool manufacture –huntinghunting –art and ritual –agriculture –language and speech major areas of change

– other cultural adaptations –development of civilization –... major areas of change

archaeological sites ? – names... – locations... – contents...

know major archaeological sites Olduvai... Laetoli... Hadar... Sterkfonein... Afar...

p. 424, Ch. 15 Significant Sites

p. 216, Ch. 9 “At a Glance”

p. 261, Ch. 11 “At a Glance”

p. 273, Ch. 11 “At a Glance”

p. 291, Ch. 12 “At a Glance”

p. 330, Ch. 13 “At a Glance”

p. 364, Ch. 14 “At a Glance”

p. 377, Ch. 14 “At a Glance”

p. 399, Ch. 15 “At a Glance”

p. 406, Ch. 15 “At a Glance”

p. 407, Ch. 16 p. 412, Ch. 15 “At a Glance”

p. 406, Ch. 15 “At a Glance”

p. 417, Ch. 15 “At a Glance”

sample exam questions

sample exam questions

in-class videos and films -- DAY

in-class videos and films -- CEE

in-class videos and films

in-class videos and films

studying from the text don’t forget to have a look at the Glossary items on pp

text Index also have a look at the Index, pp

text bibliography and have a look at the Bibliography, pp