Burns

Types of Burns Thermal (heat) burns Chemical burns Electrical burns © Scott Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Depth of Burns Depth (degree) –First-degree (superficial) –Second-degree (partial thickness) –Third-degree (full thickness)

First-Degree Burns (Superficial) Redness Mild swelling Tenderness Pain © Amy Walters/ShutterStock, Inc.

Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness) Blisters Swelling Weeping fluids Intense pain © E. M. Singletary, M.D. Used with permission.

Third-Degree Burns (Full Thickness) Dead nerve endings Leathery, waxy skin Pearly gray or charred skin

Extent of Burns Rule of the hand –Victim’s hand equals 1% of body surface area. Which parts of body are burned? Other injuries or medical conditions? Is patient elderly or very young?

Care for First-Degree Burns Cool burn until pain free. Apply moisturizer such as aloe vera gel. Administer OTC pain reliever as needed (eg, ibuprofen).

Care for Small Second- Degree Burns Cool burn until pain free. Apply antibiotic ointment. Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing. Administer OTC pain reliever as needed (eg, ibuprofen). Seek medical care.

Care for Large Second-Degree and Third-Degree Burns Remove jewelry and clothing not stuck to burn. Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing. Care for shock. Call

Chemical Burns Results from caustic or corrosive substance –Acids, alkalis, and organic compounds Chemicals continue to burn as long as they are in contact with the skin; remove quickly.

Care for Chemical Burns Brush/flush skin to remove chemical. Remove contaminated clothing. Cover burn with dressing. Seek medical care.

Electrical Burns Thermal burn (flame) Arc burn (flash) True electrical injury (contact) © Chuck Stewart, MD

Care for Electrical Burns Make the scene safe. –Unplug, disconnect, and turn off electricity. Check responsiveness and breathing. Provide CPR if needed. Care for shock. Call