ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS © 2010 Townsend Press

Unit Three: Chapter 16 • adept • presumptuous • encompass • sordid • entrepreneur • standardize • eradicate • stint • homogeneous • stringent Page 88 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 adept Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 adept – adjective • People enjoy visiting my parents, who are adept at making guests feel welcome and at home. • Justin is an adept liar. He always looks so innocent and sincere that everyone believes his lies. Page 88 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Adept means A. skillful. B. profitable. C. awkward.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 encompass Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 encompass – verb • Our history teacher’s broad knowledge of the subject encompasses details of life in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. • Tomorrow’s test will be difficult because it encompasses all the material covered this semester. Page 88 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Encompass means A. to suggest. B. to omit. C. to include.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 entrepreneur Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 entrepreneur – noun • Glenville has no shopping center, but the city is growing so quickly that smart entrepreneurs are sure to start up new businesses there soon. • My ten-year-old neighbor is already an entrepreneur. He set up a lemonade stand last summer and sold homemade cookies at Halloween. Page 88 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Entrepreneur means A. a business investor. B. an overconfident person. C. a conformist.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 eradicate Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 eradicate – verb • In recent years, smallpox has been eradicated—the first time in history that humans have been able to wipe out a disease. • What makes so many people feel they must eradicate all signs of aging? Why should we have to get rid of our wrinkles and gray hair? Page 88 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Eradicate means A. to reveal. B. to regulate strictly. C. to erase.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 homogeneous Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 homogeneous – adjective • The student body at the local college appears quite homogeneous, but there are significant social and economic differences among the students. • “Homogenized” milk has been made homogeneous. This means that it’s treated so it will be of uniform consistency, rather than having the cream rise to the top. Page 88 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. Homogeneous means A. strictly controlled. B. the same throughout. C. of high quality.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 presumptuous Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 presumptuous – adjective • It was presumptuous of Eric to announce his engagement to Phyllis before she had actually agreed to marry him. • If you ask personal questions at a job interview, you’ll be considered presumptuous. So, for example, don’t ask the interviewer, “What are they paying you?” Page 88 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Presumptuous means A. too forward. B. skilled. C. cautious.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 sordid Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 sordid – adjective • Supermarket tabloids sell well because many people want to know the sordid details of celebrities’ addictions and messy divorces. • The reformed criminal now lectures at high schools on how to avoid the mistakes that led him into a sordid life as a drug dealer. Page 89 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. Sordid means A. proud. B. ugly. C. natural.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 standardize Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 standardize – verb • When the company standardized its pay scale, the salary for each type of job became identical throughout all the departments. • If Jamila begins selling her homemade soup, she’ll have to standardize the ingredients. Now she just puts in whatever she has on hand, so the soup is never the same from one day to the next. Page 89 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. Standardize means A. to do away with. B. to make the same. C. to vary.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 stint Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 stint – noun • My stint serving hamburgers and fries at a fast-food restaurant convinced me that I needed to get a college degree. • After traveling during her stint in the Navy, Alise wanted a job that would let her continue to see the world. Page 89 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Stint means A. a length of time. B. a risky undertaking. C. future work.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 stringent Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 stringent – adjective • Ms. Jasper has the most stringent standards in the English department. Passing her course is difficult; getting an A is next to impossible. • Elected officials should be held to a stringent code of ethics, requiring them to avoid even the appearance of wrongdoing. Page 89 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Stringent means A. different. B. flexible. C. demanding.

Further Definitons A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent A person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of a business. Highly skilled; expert A period of work or service Too bold; overly confident To get rid of altogether; wipe out Strictly controlled or enforced; strict; severe To make uniform; cause to conform to a mold To include; contain Made up of similar or identical parts; uniform throughout Indecent; morally low; corrupt Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 1. presumptuous; 2. adept The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent 1. It’s ____________ of Amy to assume she’s got the job when others are still being interviewed. 2. It takes years of study and practice to become __________ at acupuncture. Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 1. presumptuous; 2. adept The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent 3. In the novel Oliver Twist, innocent young Oliver falls into the hands of a gang of pickpockets, who teach him their __________ trade. 4. My grandfather held many jobs during his life. He even did a(n) ________ as a circus performer. Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 3. sordid; 4. stint; 5. eradicate The next slide explains the answers. 5. Joyce and Steven’s adopted son was abused in an earlier home. They’re working hard to __________ the lingering effects on him of that experience.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent 6. The town is so close-knit and __________ that newcomers feel out of place. Many of the residents are even related to each other. 7. The articles in our small newspaper __________ local and statewide news, but not national or international events. Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 6. homogeneous; 7. encompass The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent 8. My sister applied to several colleges, some with very high admission standards for their students and others with less __________ requirements. 9. Ramon has just opened an auto repair shop. Now that he’s a(n) __________, he can join the National Association for the Self-Employed. Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 8. stringent; 9. entrepreneur; 10. standardize The next slide explains the answers. 10. Should the high-school curriculum be _______(e)d throughout the state? Or should each school district be free to design its own courses?

SENTENCE CHECK 2 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent 1-2 To succeed, _____s must be _____ at organization and management. In addition, they must be resilient enough to deal with the ups and downs of running a business. 3-4. During Nate’s _____ as a teacher at a military academy, he felt that the _____ rules impeded his easygoing, flexible approach. Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 8. stringent; 9. entrepreneur; 10. standardize The next slide explains the answers. 5-6. After serving a prison term for theft, Charlie is contrite. He’s decided to begin a new life as an honest citizen and _____ all traces of his _____ past.

SENTENCE CHECK 2 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. adept B. encompass C. entrepreneur D. eradicate E. homogeneous F. presumptuous G. sordid H. standardize I. stint J. stringent 7-8 I’ve been working at the daycare center only one week, so this suggestion may be _____, but I think the center’s program should _____ activities geared to shy children as well as ones for gregarious ones. Page 90 in textbook. Answers: 8. stringent; 9. entrepreneur; 10. standardize The next slide explains the answers. 9-10. At a small alternative school, all children were at first put into one large class. Later the children were divided into smaller, more _____ classes. In addition, administrators decided to _____ the curriculum, so that all students in one grade would use the same text.