English Colonization

Reasons for Colonization Privateers – pirates needed base to launch attacks on Spanish ships Northwest Passage – shortcut to the West Indies New markets for merchants England was too crowded – nation needed new place for expanding population

Roanoke 1587 First attempt to establish a colony – suffered from two failed attempts Effect: Made English reluctant to set up another colony

Jamestown 1607 Group of investors received a charter - permission from King James I – to set up colony. 100 colonists set up settlement in Virginia

Failure… Jamestown nearly failed because:

Failure… Jamestown nearly failed because: 1.Conflict with the Native Americans 2.Unprepared – most men lacked skills and were not accustomed to hard-work 3.Location – standing water bred mosquitoes with disease 4.Starvation – bad droughts added to lack of preparedness 5.Lack of leadership

Statistics December, people left England May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained

Jamestown Brochure You have invested a great sum of money in this Jamestown Colony. It is failing!!!!!! Success = get more people to be willing to leave England and settle in Jamestown.

Create a brochure or advertisement for Jamestown. What type of people are you going to target in your advertisement? Must include: 1.Description of the settlement 2.Map of location in the New World 3.Description of the economic opportunities available to them

1624 – Became a royal colony with appointed governor and legislature (House of Burgesses)Tobacco 1613 First Shipment to England p. 46 – Graph SAVED JAMESTOWN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Indentured Servants Contract – passage to New World paid in return for work Better technology in Europe created less of a demand for peasant work Poor were being moved off wealthier landowners land and lacked a place to go Estimated 100,000 to 150,000 traveled to new colonies as servants Many worked on growing tobacco plantations

Roanoke and Jamestown Most settlers came for economic reasons!

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Most settlers came for religious reasons!

New England Colonies

The 16 th century Reformation (reform church) caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans wanted to “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism They were persecuted in England – English subjects were required to attend services and pay taxes to the Church of England (Protestant) Historical Background

Pilgrims were Puritans 35 Puritans set sail on the Mayflower Landed on Cape Cod Before getting off ship – made a compact called the Mayflower Compact Idea of self-government in this document becomes one of U.S. founding principles

What about Thanksgiving???? Thanksgiving was made into a national holiday during the Civil War Abraham Lincoln felt that it would boost patriotism

Puritans Wanted to be free to worship as they wanted - study bible, listen to sermons, and examine lives and world for clues of God’s will Predestination - God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in.

Salem Witch Trials 1692 – Salem, Massachusetts Increasing family size fueled disputes over land between neighbors and within families Women subservient to their men = women more likely to enlist in the Devil's service than a man was Small town atmosphere = people's opinions about their neighbors were generally accepted as fact "Children should be seen and not heard"

Hysteria in Salem led to 20 people being executed for witchcraft. HOW and WHY did this happen?

According to the play… Abigail Williams' age to 17 Proctor was a farmer John and Elizabeth had two young sons. Rebecca Nurse, John Proctor, and Martha Corey were all hung on the same day while saying the Lord’s Prayer

According to history… Abigail Williams' age was 11 John Proctor was 60 and Elizabeth was 41 Elizabeth was his third wife John Proctor was a tavern keeper Living with them was their daughter aged 15, their son who was 17, and John's 33-year-old son from his first marriage Everyone in the family was eventually accused of witchcraft. Rebecca Nurse was hanged on July 19, John Proctor on August 19, and Martha Corey on September 22 The only person executed who recited the Lord's Prayer on the gallows was Rev. George Burroughs – it was believed that a witch could not recite this prayer without making a mistake – his prayer caused quite a stir – he was still hung

New England Colonies

Religious groups – wanted religious freedom for themselves Puritans

COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCE New England Colonists (Puritans) soon conflicted with the Native Americans over land & religion King Philip’s War was fought in 1675 between the Natives and Puritans ending a year later with many dead and the Natives retreating

Middle Colonies

SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES Dominated by Dutch and Quaker settlers, the Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s William Penn led Quaker as they colonized Pennsylvania and Delaware

I believed in religious tolerance.

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies In the South, rural Plantations with a single cash crops- were common Southern Plantation

Diversity of Colonies New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies. New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming Middle – diverse, farming, trading Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities

ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER By 1752, England controlled all 13 colonies. How did they control these colonies that were an ocean away? Mercantilism & Navigation Acts

MERCANTILISM:

MERCANTILISM: More gold and silver (bullion), the wealthier and more powerful a country would be – sell more to other country than you purchase Colonies – produce raw materials needed to make things England – control how raw materials are bought Takes raw materials and manufactures them into products Other Countries – buys manufactured goods from England Raw materials Manufactured Goods Gold and Silver

NAVIGATION ACTS 1651 –Goods imported to England from colonies could only be transported in English ships –American colonies could only export sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo to England 1663 – –All foreign goods shipped to colonies had to pass through English ports so that the goods could be taxed. Effects of these acts: Not strictly enforced!! Made some colonists resentful!! Brought prosperity to England!

THE ENLIGHTENMENT 1700s An intellectual movement Began in Europe Emphasized reason, science, observation and logic. Scientists used scientific method to explain things. Others applied this type of thinking to law and government.

Why is the Enlightenment important? Many ideas coming from Enlightenment are incorporated into the making of the new nation. Also, ideas fueled independence movement – revolution. Locke government should protect peoples’ natural rights of life, liberty and property Baron de Montesquieu power in government should be divided to prevent one group from gaining too much power.

THE GREAT AWAKENING Church leaders worried people were losing interest in church Fire & Brimstone style of worship; large, emotionally charged crowds The Great Awakening led people to "experience God in their own way" and taught that they were responsible for their own actions.

Why is the Great Awakening important while studying U.S. History? Linked colonies in a new way Helped Methodist, Presbyterian, Congregationalists, and Baptists churches becomes well established

Enlightenment Great Awakening

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Who? Britain and Colonists vs. French and Native Americans Why? Competition in over land Where? Ohio River valley FRENCH INDIAN WAR BY NAT YOUNGBLOOD

Before War

French and Indian War cont. Important Facts British led by very successful Major - George Washington What is the outcome? British defeat French Treaty of Paris ends the war in 1763 Brits claim most of North America including Florida (from French ally Spain) & Canada

British Win the War Causes Effects

Causes French and Indian War Effects

PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763 Continued hostilities between Native Americans and British made newly acquired land too dangerous Would have required too much money and too many resources to control British prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains Colonists settled there anyway!!!

British Actions: Colonists Reaction: 1.Stamp Act 2.Townshend Acts 3.Boston Massacre 4.Tea Act 5.Intolerable Acts 6.Lexington and Concord

Quiz New England Colonies – Puritans, Salem Witch Trials, King Philip’s War Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Mercantilism Enlightenment Great Awakening French and Indian War Stamp Act - Townshend Acts – Boston Massacre