Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Chapters 5 & 6

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Unit 5 Objectives: –Understand basic feed regulations –Knowledge of feed tags and what must be and can be included on them –Identify various types of feed additives and their purposes –How implants are used and their roles

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives General Feed Industry information: –300m tons manufactured each yr. in the U.S. Various forms Either in the feed mill, or on farms –~10,000 feed mills in the U.S. –~30,000 feed outlets ~20,000 sell feed –Bag –Bulk –Feed products Must register w/ the FDA if they mix feed w/ drugs

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Types of Commercial Feeds & their Ingredients –Dry Commercial Feeds Prepared for a particular class of livestock Supplements blended –Vegetable proteins –Animal proteins –Urea (ruminants only) Specialty products may be included –Antibiotics –Growth stimulants –Flavoring agents –Etc.

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Physical Forms –Meal –Cake –Pellets –Crumbles –Wafers –Blocks –Etc. –Liquid Protein Supplements Generally contain some amount of molasses as the main liquid portion Can be blended or feed separate

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Feed Labeling –Required for all commercial feed products Primary communication between manufacturer and purchaser Critical information: –Identify product –Nature of the product & intended use –Usage instructions –Cautionary information

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Feed Labels (medicated & nonmedicated) Net wt. Company name, trade name Product name Purpose of medication Warning statement –Withdrawal periods –Other warnings Active Ingredients

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Guaranteed Analysis –Minimum CP »% from NPN –Minimum Crude Fat –Maximum Crude Fiber –Minerals (only main ones) –Vitamins (optional) Company Name & Address Detailed Use instructions –Purpose –When to feed –How to feed or mix –Precautions

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives General Feed Additive information –Doesn’t include any min/vit supplements –Must be approved for use by FDA –Withdrawal times may be necessary –Instructions must be followed carefully –>1000 products are approved for use –What are some of their roles?

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –What are some of the risks when using these products? –Who is responsible for residues? Growth Promotion and Feed Efficiency –Antibiotics Can be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal Generally fed to reduce, prevent bacterial infections Usually found to improve rate of gain and feed efficiency

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Examples –Cholortetratcycline –Oxytetracycline –Monensin –Lasalocid »What are the trade names of these products? –Chemotherapeutics Organic or inorganic compound that inhibits organism growth Improves feed efficiency and rate of gain Examples: –Arsanilic Acid –Carbadox

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Medicinal Uses –Coccidiostats Fed for the prevention of coccidiosis What is coccidiosis Examples –Decoquinate –Lasalocid –Monensin

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Enteritis, Diarrhea, Dysentery Chlorotetracycline Carbadox Tylosin –Anthelmintics Prevention/treatments of gastrointestinal parasites Examples: –Safe-Guard –Ivomec –Rumatel

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Miscellaneous Functions Control of Liver Abscesses in feedlot cattle –Chlorotet. –Oxytet. –Tylosin Fly control in manure –Rabon Bloat control –Oxytet. –Poloxalene Ketosis –Propylene Glycol

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Foot Rot & General Stress –Chlorotet. –Oxytet. Other Feed Additives –Buffers & Neutralizers Compounds that minimize pH decreases –Sodium bicarbonate –Calcium carbonate –Mag oxide

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Antioxidants Prevent rancidity of fats –Vit E –Chemical preservatives Retain nutritive factors Prevent product deterioration Most are acids, salts, etc. –What are some ex.? –Pellet-Binding agents Bentonite Clays molasses

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Probiotics Consist of microbial cultures –Can stimulate cultural growth Reasons for use –Increase/balance beneficial bacteria –Reduce toxic byproducts of digestion –Support rate of gain and feed efficiency –Alleviate/minimize stress Various times for use –When do you use them? Available forms –Feed additives –Water dispensing –Bolus/gel form

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Hormone products –Activate or inhibit hormone functions –Produce same responses as natural hormones –Feed Additives Melengestrol Acetate (MGA) –Closely related to progesterone –Fed to finishing heifers to prevent estrus –Stimulates growth, improves feed efficiency

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Implants for Growth Stimulation Designed for slow release Growth promotion, feed efficiency Products –Ralgro »Use in calves, growing cattle, feedlots animals »70-110d response »Cattle should be reimplanted every d for maximum –Magnum »Double dose of Ralgro »Best in initial 70-90d on feed

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Synovex or Implus »Different forms for different cattle »Stimulates muscle deposition »Increases growth hormone secretion –Revalor »Claims to improve gain 15-20% »Improves feed efficiency 15% »Duration of response 100d »May reduce marbling

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives –Implant for Milk Stimulation bST –Produced naturally in the cow –Major regulator of milk production –Must be administered via injection »14d intervals »2-3d response »8-10 lb increase in production »No change in milk composition »Will increase DMI –Disadvantages »Slight decrease in pregnancy rate »Slight increase in twinning rate

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Unit 5 Assignment: –Identify 4 feed additives each for beef, dairy, and swine, and 1 each for horses and sheep Trade name Drug Control claims –Bring 1 article pertaining to feed additive use is feed rations Write ½ page response, summary