Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

Feudal Pyramid King Lord Vassal Knight Serf or Peasant or Townspeople

Decline of Feudalism 1. Attacks on the Church 2. The Black Death 3. The Hundred Years War

The Church Weakens Medieval Monarchs opposed the Church’s political power because: Clergy and monasteries did not pay royal taxes. $ sent to Rome instead of Royal treasury Church courts competed with royal courts Church officials interfered in political matters.

Church Weakens Babylonian Captivity (1309 -1378) The Great Schism 1378                                                                                                                                                                                                             Church Weakens Babylonian Captivity (1309 -1378) The Great Schism 1378 * One Pope in Avignon, one in Rome Demands for reform * John Wycliff * John Huss Picture from John Wycliff’s Bible

Pieter Brueghel "the Elder" (c.1530-1569) THE TRIUMPH OF DEATH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pieter Brueghel "the Elder" (c.1530-1569)

The Black Plague Forms: pneumonic plague; septicemic plague; bubonic plague Spread – Silk Road through Gobi Desert Began in Sicily in 1347, hit Russia within 6 years Factor that led to spread = Ignorance BLACK PLAGUE KILLED 1/3 OF THE POPULATION

The Black Plague                                                                             On the Left: The second pandemic of the Black Death in Europe (1347-51)

Joan of Arc                                         

Hundred Years War War between France and Great Britain 1337-1453 English were winning for first 90 years due to advancements in technology. Long bow Cannons Mercinaries 1429 Joan of Arc led French Forces Absolute rule instituted by Louis XI

Medieval Marketplace

Town Life Middle Ages - towns were small and based on agriculture; people lived in the countryside nobles held most power; owned land and provided knights for protection Status determined by birthright Renaissance towns grew society began to be based on commerce; people moved to cities Middle class gains power; limited power of feudal lords through charters; organized banks Status determined by wealth and ability

Growth of Italian City States

Rise of Renaissance 1. Growth of Cities 2. Rise of Merchant/Middle class 3. Rise of Humanism

Renaissance Definition: Rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman art, learning and culture FIVE THEMES Individualism Worldliness Learning Antiquity Reform

Humanism Individualism: belief in the human potential Learning: -studied Greek, Latin, astronomy, math, literature, history Petrarch

ANTIQUITY- ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE

Age of Discovery Worldliness 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue

Protestant Reformation -challenge the old order -rise of secularism