Cargo Security SENTRY SHIELD™ © E.M. CARLSEN et al, 2004, PAT.PEND. A REMOTE DETECTION AND REPORTING UNIT FOR PREVENTION OF CRIMINAL AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY

Most anti-terrorism experts agree that present cargo security measures in the United States are woefully inadequate. The nagging problem of cargo containers is but one example. Thousands of these containers enter U.S. ports every day, and then move by truck and rail to our major cities, towns and villages. 59,000 ships entering US ports with an average of 4,000 containers each = 2M – 2.5M containers per year. Border crossings by truck and rail exceed 12M per year.

As of today, inspections take place at the point of entry using expensive equipment that scans the shipment from the exterior of the carrier. Very few actual physical inspections take place. Manpower requirements and budget woes make comprehensive inspections an impossible dream in the minds of those responsible. Lacking the proper resources on the one hand, and beset by time constraints and logistical problems on the other hand, authorities must now content themselves with inspecting only a tiny fraction of the total volume of cargo shipments. The obvious problems are Shipping delays, Lack of interior inspections (remember Timothy McVeigh), and High cost – money that comes directly out of the government purse.

SNSS has a different philosophy: Monitor shipments FROM THE INSIDE - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, by installing Sentry Shields™ in containers, trucks, and rail cars. SNSS will monitor alarms and report suspicious cargo to the appropriate authorities BEFORE it reaches an entry point or other critical location. SNSS will also provide software to authorities, vessel owners, highway patrol, customs agents, and other entities concerned with security for direct monitoring of cargo in their immediate vicinity. Sentry Shield™ is a hazardous material detection unit. The detection unit is the primary component of the Sentry Shield monitoring- reporting system, a system designed to detect and report criminal and terrorist activity before the intent can be realized. A unit – once it is installed and activated – is automatically integrated into the Sentry Shield reporting matrix, where it will remain in continuous communication with a 24/7 monitoring center.

Reporting System Summary: The Sentry Shield™ reporting system is designed to report on all concerns expressed by governmental agencies and shipping companies. The system will report: Permanent container ID Transactions Dirty bombs Biological agents Doors open/closed Location lat/long/alt Tampering of container or unit Chain of possession Electromagnetic Radiation Human presence Presence of drugs associated with VOC’s Silent & mayday reports Chemicals Intrusion Detection The system also includes characteristics such as: 90-day unit event history Unlimited history on mainframe Capable of being polled High network security There are additional reporting options available for shipping companies. These include temperature, humidity and shock sensors.

DHS prioritizes against potential threats based on a severity spectrum. For these purposes, severity is described by a combination of likelihood and consequence (fatalities and injuries, economic impact, and public perception): Severity Threat Highest 1. WME Nuclear Chemical Biological Radiological High quantities of explosives 2. Direct-threat Contraband (e.g., components of WME, explosives) Direct-threat Illegal immigrants (e.g., terrorist operatives) 3. Indirect-threat contraband (e.g., money, drugs, weapons intended to contribute to terrorist activities) 4. Economic illegal immigration (e.g., undocumented workers) Economic contraband (e.g., cigarettes, counterfeit CDs, etc.) Lowest 5. Pilferage/theft

CAN SENTRY SHIELD DETECT AND REPORT ON THE DHS PRIORITY ITEMS? Highest 1. WME Nuclear Chemical Biological Radiological High quantities of explosives 2. Direct-threat Contraband (e.g., components of WME, explosives) Direct-threat Illegal immigrants (e.g., terrorist operatives) 3. Indirect-threat contraband (e.g., money, drugs, weapons intended to contribute to terrorist activities) 4. Economic illegal immigration (e.g., undocumented workers) Economic contraband (e.g., cigarettes, counterfeit CDs, etc.) Lowest 5. Pilferage/theft  YES  YES (drugs)  YES

In its mobile configuration (for use in, e.g., cargo containers, railroad cars, trucks, etc.) the case is mounted inside the cargo carrier. The Sentry Shield™ is a small unit ( 18"L x 8 "W x 1.5" deep) mounted inside the rear doors of a container or trailer. Multiple detectors in the Sentry Shield™ unit scan the cargo as it is loaded into the carrier, and they continue to scan on preset time intervals after the carrier is sealed and in transport, monitoring the interior for any buildups or leaks of hazardous materials. A GPS unit provides information on the geographic location of the unit. HOW DOES THE SENTRY SHIELD WORK?

Visual inspections show the shape of the contents. If a container is fully packed, it must be unloaded to see everything inside. Drug or bomb sniffing dogs are great. However, they are trained for only one thing. It would take 2 specially trained dogs at every inspection station. Border agents still have to make a judgment on every load whether to conduct a full inspection for stowaways or other dangerous cargo.

Using a cut-away of the side of a container, it is apparent that space can be made for illegal aliens.

Dirty bombs and detonators can be packaged in ways that defy both x-rays and visual inspections.

Bio-hazards, radio-active materials, and fuel accelerants can be disguised as industrial cargo.

Sentry Shield™ “sniffs” all cargo as it is loaded. Cameras store visual images every time the doors are opened.

Once the doors are closed, natural air flow inside allows the Sentry Shield™ to “sniff” hazardous materials and/or human waste as it rises to the ceiling.

The Sentry Shield™ is always on. A thin solar panel and embedded antenna array is mounted on the exterior of the cargo carrier. The antenna array is used to transmit and receive data to and from a reporting and monitoring facility. The unit is powered by two independent storage batteries and is equipped with a plug-in interface for an external battery charger. The solar panel automatically recharges the batteries.

The Sentry Shield™ includes multiple anti-tamper devices within its casing. If a detector is damaged the unit will report and record the event. If the antenna array is disabled, the master system will report the event and alert authorities. In either instance, authorities can access the data recorder at the next checkpoint to determine the extent of tampering. If the unit stops reporting altogether, something is wrong and the cargo carrier will be physically investigated at the first opportunity.

Inspection of ship with no Sentry Shield™ units: On a ship with 1000 containers—10 of them “bad”—port authorities would probably spot check 10 containers. The odds of finding even 1 of the 10 bad containers, through a spot check of 1000 containers, is virtually impossible. Inspection of a ship with Sentry Shield™ units: On a ship with 1000 containers—1 reporting a problem, 10 not reporting, and 989 reporting no problems—port authorities would know exactly where to go. All 11 of the questionable containers would undergo an inspection. There would be no loss or gain of inspection time, but the security level would increase by a 1000 per cent. The point is this: As government agencies and authorities gain confidence in the system, more and more shippers will get the “green light,” and the global supply chain will safely speed up a notch.

CONTROL CENTERS 24-hour logistical and communication support will be maintained by multiple offices (reporting stations) where mainframe computers, which remained linked to individual units, download the historical data and keep the controllers updated. Satellite based reporting automatically extends security both beyond and within territorial boundaries. Each monitoring facility will employ over 700 people with an annual income of almost $29,000,000.

When an ‘event’ is triggered, the mainframe will transfer that individual unit to a human-controller screen. The controller will determine the cause of the event and take the proper action

A cell phone/LAN transponder links to a laptop or handheld unit, which allows industry and/or government officials to obtain fast, accurate readouts of both real- time and recorded data upon demand.

HOW WILL THE SYSTEM BE FINANCED? By end-users in the form of a very reasonable monitoring fee per unit. Approximately $30/month for containers Approximately $50/month for trailers and rail cars Laptop software provided free of charge to authorities The Sentry Shield™ can be the first line of defense—inside and outside the country—against criminal activity and acts of terrorism. Once installed and implemented, the Sentry Shield™ reporting system elevates port and carrier security to a new level, while saving shippers, carriers and government agencies time and money.

HOW CAN THE INFRASTRUCTURE BE IMPLEMENTED WITHIN A YEAR? SNSS and a major university are in the process of applying for a grant to build and test 10,000 units; vet and train controllers; and write software. Government assistance in the following would help reduce development time. Appointments with the appropriate people/departments Research potential federal carriers for the test units Attendance by local authorities at the training classes Arrange meetings with international shipping and transport industry groups

HOW CAN THE INFRASTRUCTURE BE IMPLEMENTED WITHIN A YEAR? Industry will need government incentive in order to make the commitment. Possible suggestions include: Fast track border crossings and port clearance for cargo transmitting “green lights” on their units. Recommend that commercial carriers of US mail be equipped with Sentry Shields Assistance in developing a special version for baggage handling facilities. Assistance in developing an exclusive version for military transport. Coordinate with both Canadian and Mexican officials to facilitate transparency across the borders.

CONTACT INFORMATION Ed Carlsen Tel: SENTRY SHIELD™ © E.M. CARLSEN et al, 2004, PAT.PEND. A REMOTE DETECTION AND REPORTING UNIT FOR PREVENTION OF CRIMINAL AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY